Source Code Cross Referenced for D2DFaceletViewHandler.java in  » J2EE » ICEfaces-1.6.1 » com » icesoft » faces » facelets » Java Source Code / Java DocumentationJava Source Code and Java Documentation

Java Source Code / Java Documentation
1. 6.0 JDK Core
2. 6.0 JDK Modules
3. 6.0 JDK Modules com.sun
4. 6.0 JDK Modules com.sun.java
5. 6.0 JDK Modules sun
6. 6.0 JDK Platform
7. Ajax
8. Apache Harmony Java SE
9. Aspect oriented
10. Authentication Authorization
11. Blogger System
12. Build
13. Byte Code
14. Cache
15. Chart
16. Chat
17. Code Analyzer
18. Collaboration
19. Content Management System
20. Database Client
21. Database DBMS
22. Database JDBC Connection Pool
23. Database ORM
24. Development
25. EJB Server geronimo
26. EJB Server GlassFish
27. EJB Server JBoss 4.2.1
28. EJB Server resin 3.1.5
29. ERP CRM Financial
30. ESB
31. Forum
32. GIS
33. Graphic Library
34. Groupware
35. HTML Parser
36. IDE
37. IDE Eclipse
38. IDE Netbeans
39. Installer
40. Internationalization Localization
41. Inversion of Control
42. Issue Tracking
43. J2EE
44. JBoss
45. JMS
46. JMX
47. Library
48. Mail Clients
49. Net
50. Parser
51. PDF
52. Portal
53. Profiler
54. Project Management
55. Report
56. RSS RDF
57. Rule Engine
58. Science
59. Scripting
60. Search Engine
61. Security
62. Sevlet Container
63. Source Control
64. Swing Library
65. Template Engine
66. Test Coverage
67. Testing
68. UML
69. Web Crawler
70. Web Framework
71. Web Mail
72. Web Server
73. Web Services
74. Web Services apache cxf 2.0.1
75. Web Services AXIS2
76. Wiki Engine
77. Workflow Engines
78. XML
79. XML UI
Java
Java Tutorial
Java Open Source
Jar File Download
Java Articles
Java Products
Java by API
Photoshop Tutorials
Maya Tutorials
Flash Tutorials
3ds-Max Tutorials
Illustrator Tutorials
GIMP Tutorials
C# / C Sharp
C# / CSharp Tutorial
C# / CSharp Open Source
ASP.Net
ASP.NET Tutorial
JavaScript DHTML
JavaScript Tutorial
JavaScript Reference
HTML / CSS
HTML CSS Reference
C / ANSI-C
C Tutorial
C++
C++ Tutorial
Ruby
PHP
Python
Python Tutorial
Python Open Source
SQL Server / T-SQL
SQL Server / T-SQL Tutorial
Oracle PL / SQL
Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial
PostgreSQL
SQL / MySQL
MySQL Tutorial
VB.Net
VB.Net Tutorial
Flash / Flex / ActionScript
VBA / Excel / Access / Word
XML
XML Tutorial
Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007 Tutorial
Microsoft Office Excel 2007 Tutorial
Microsoft Office Word 2007 Tutorial
Java Source Code / Java Documentation » J2EE » ICEfaces 1.6.1 » com.icesoft.faces.facelets 
Source Cross Referenced  Class Diagram Java Document (Java Doc) 


001:        /*
002:         * Version: MPL 1.1/GPL 2.0/LGPL 2.1
003:         *
004:         * "The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License
005:         * Version 1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in
006:         * compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
007:         * http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
008:         *
009:         * Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS"
010:         * basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
011:         * License for the specific language governing rights and limitations under
012:         * the License.
013:         *
014:         * The Original Code is ICEfaces 1.5 open source software code, released
015:         * November 5, 2006. The Initial Developer of the Original Code is ICEsoft
016:         * Technologies Canada, Corp. Portions created by ICEsoft are Copyright (C)
017:         * 2004-2006 ICEsoft Technologies Canada, Corp. All Rights Reserved.
018:         *
019:         * Contributor(s): _____________________.
020:         *
021:         * Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of
022:         * the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 or later (the "LGPL"
023:         * License), in which case the provisions of the LGPL License are
024:         * applicable instead of those above. If you wish to allow use of your
025:         * version of this file only under the terms of the LGPL License and not to
026:         * allow others to use your version of this file under the MPL, indicate
027:         * your decision by deleting the provisions above and replace them with
028:         * the notice and other provisions required by the LGPL License. If you do
029:         * not delete the provisions above, a recipient may use your version of
030:         * this file under either the MPL or the LGPL License."
031:         *
032:         */
033:
034:        package com.icesoft.faces.facelets;
035:
036:        import com.icesoft.faces.application.D2DViewHandler;
037:        import com.icesoft.faces.context.BridgeFacesContext;
038:        import com.sun.facelets.Facelet;
039:        import com.sun.facelets.FaceletFactory;
040:        import com.sun.facelets.compiler.Compiler;
041:        import com.sun.facelets.compiler.SAXCompiler;
042:        import com.sun.facelets.compiler.TagLibraryConfig;
043:        import com.sun.facelets.impl.DefaultFaceletFactory;
044:        import com.sun.facelets.impl.DefaultResourceResolver;
045:        import com.sun.facelets.impl.ResourceResolver;
046:        import com.sun.facelets.tag.TagDecorator;
047:        import com.sun.facelets.tag.TagLibrary;
048:        import com.sun.facelets.tag.jsf.ComponentSupport;
049:        import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
050:        import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
051:
052:        import javax.faces.FacesException;
053:        import javax.faces.application.ViewHandler;
054:        import javax.faces.component.UIComponent;
055:        import javax.faces.component.UIViewRoot;
056:        import javax.faces.context.ExternalContext;
057:        import javax.faces.context.FacesContext;
058:        import javax.faces.context.ResponseWriter;
059:        import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
060:        import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
061:        import java.io.IOException;
062:        import java.net.URL;
063:        import java.util.HashMap;
064:        import java.util.Iterator;
065:        import java.util.ArrayList;
066:
067:        /**
068:         * <B>D2DViewHandler</B> is the ICEfaces Facelet ViewHandler implementation
069:         *
070:         * @see javax.faces.application.ViewHandler
071:         */
072:        public class D2DFaceletViewHandler extends D2DViewHandler {
073:
074:            //Facelets parameter constants
075:            public final static long DEFAULT_REFRESH_PERIOD = 2;
076:            public final static String PARAM_REFRESH_PERIOD = "facelets.REFRESH_PERIOD";
077:            public final static String PARAM_SKIP_COMMENTS = "facelets.SKIP_COMMENTS";
078:            public final static String PARAM_VIEW_MAPPINGS = "facelets.VIEW_MAPPINGS";
079:            public final static String PARAM_LIBRARIES = "facelets.LIBRARIES";
080:            public final static String PARAM_DECORATORS = "facelets.DECORATORS";
081:            public final static String PARAM_RESOURCE_RESOLVER = "facelets.RESOURCE_RESOLVER";
082:
083:            // Log instance for this class
084:            private static Log log = LogFactory
085:                    .getLog(D2DFaceletViewHandler.class);
086:
087:            protected FaceletFactory faceletFactory;
088:
089:            public D2DFaceletViewHandler() {
090:            }
091:
092:            public D2DFaceletViewHandler(ViewHandler delegate) {
093:                super (delegate);
094:            }
095:
096:            protected void faceletInitialize() {
097:                try {
098:                    if (faceletFactory == null) {
099:                        com.sun.facelets.compiler.Compiler c = new SAXCompiler();
100:                        initializeCompiler(c);
101:                        faceletFactory = createFaceletFactory(c);
102:                    }
103:                } catch (Throwable t) {
104:                    if (log.isErrorEnabled()) {
105:                        log.error("Failed initializing facelet instance", t);
106:                    }
107:                }
108:            }
109:
110:            protected void initializeCompiler(Compiler c) {
111:                FacesContext ctx = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance();
112:                ExternalContext ext = ctx.getExternalContext();
113:
114:                // Use a TagLibrary to create UIXhtmlComponents from all xhtml Tags
115:                c.addTagLibrary(new UIXhtmlTagLibrary());
116:                c.addTagDecorator(new UIXhtmlTagDecorator());
117:
118:                c.addTagDecorator(new JspTagDetector());
119:
120:                // Load libraries
121:                String paramLibraries = ext.getInitParameter(PARAM_LIBRARIES);
122:                if (paramLibraries != null) {
123:                    paramLibraries = paramLibraries.trim();
124:                    String[] paramLibrariesArray = paramLibraries.split(";");
125:                    for (int i = 0; i < paramLibrariesArray.length; i++) {
126:                        try {
127:                            URL url = ext.getResource(paramLibrariesArray[i]);
128:                            if (url == null) {
129:                                throw new FileNotFoundException(
130:                                        paramLibrariesArray[i]);
131:                            }
132:                            TagLibrary tagLibrary = TagLibraryConfig
133:                                    .create(url);
134:                            c.addTagLibrary(tagLibrary);
135:                            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
136:                                log.debug("Loaded library: "
137:                                        + paramLibrariesArray[i]);
138:                            }
139:                        } catch (IOException e) {
140:                            if (log.isWarnEnabled()) {
141:                                log.warn("Problem loading library: "
142:                                        + paramLibrariesArray[i], e);
143:                            }
144:                        }
145:                    }
146:                }
147:
148:                // Load decorators
149:                String paramDecorators = ext.getInitParameter(PARAM_DECORATORS);
150:                if (paramDecorators != null) {
151:                    paramDecorators = paramDecorators.trim();
152:                    String[] paramDecoratorsArray = paramDecorators.split(";");
153:                    for (int i = 0; i < paramDecoratorsArray.length; i++) {
154:                        try {
155:                            Class tagDecoratorClass = Class
156:                                    .forName(paramDecoratorsArray[i]);
157:                            TagDecorator tagDecorator = (TagDecorator) tagDecoratorClass
158:                                    .newInstance();
159:                            c.addTagDecorator(tagDecorator);
160:                            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
161:                                log.debug("Loaded decorator: "
162:                                        + paramDecoratorsArray[i]);
163:                            }
164:                        } catch (Exception e) {
165:                            if (log.isWarnEnabled()) {
166:                                log.warn("Problem loading decorator: "
167:                                        + paramDecoratorsArray[i], e);
168:                            }
169:                        }
170:                    }
171:                }
172:
173:                // Load whether to skip comments or not. For our hierarchial
174:                //  UIComponent tree, we have to throw away most useless text nodes,
175:                //  so this is a bit redundant getting the parameter. But who knows,
176:                //  things might change later, so best to preserve this code.
177:                String paramSkipComments = ext
178:                        .getInitParameter(PARAM_SKIP_COMMENTS);
179:                // Default is true.  I think this behaviour has changed over time
180:                //  is stock Facelets builds from 1.0.x to 1.1.x
181:                if (paramSkipComments != null
182:                        && paramSkipComments.equals("false")) {
183:                    c.setTrimmingComments(false);
184:                }
185:
186:                // This has to be true, otherwise table or other container
187:                //   UIComponents will have text children, when they're
188:                //   expecting only real UIComponents
189:                c.setTrimmingWhitespace(true);
190:                c.setTrimmingComments(true);
191:                c.setTrimmingXmlDeclarations(true);
192:                c.setTrimmingDoctypeDeclarations(true);
193:            }
194:
195:            protected FaceletFactory createFaceletFactory(Compiler c) {
196:                long refreshPeriod = DEFAULT_REFRESH_PERIOD;
197:                FacesContext ctx = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance();
198:                String paramRefreshPeriod = ctx.getExternalContext()
199:                        .getInitParameter(PARAM_REFRESH_PERIOD);
200:                if (paramRefreshPeriod != null
201:                        && paramRefreshPeriod.length() > 0) {
202:                    try {
203:                        refreshPeriod = Long.parseLong(paramRefreshPeriod);
204:                    } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
205:                        if (log.isWarnEnabled()) {
206:                            log.warn("Problem parsing refresh period: "
207:                                    + paramRefreshPeriod, nfe);
208:                        }
209:                    }
210:                }
211:
212:                ResourceResolver resourceResolver = null;
213:                String paramResourceResolver = ctx.getExternalContext()
214:                        .getInitParameter(PARAM_RESOURCE_RESOLVER);
215:                if (paramResourceResolver != null
216:                        && paramResourceResolver.length() > 0) {
217:                    try {
218:                        Class resourceResolverClass = Class.forName(
219:                                paramResourceResolver, true, Thread
220:                                        .currentThread()
221:                                        .getContextClassLoader());
222:                        resourceResolver = (ResourceResolver) resourceResolverClass
223:                                .newInstance();
224:                    } catch (Exception e) {
225:                        throw new FacesException(
226:                                "Problem initializing ResourceResolver: "
227:                                        + paramResourceResolver, e);
228:                    }
229:                }
230:                if (resourceResolver == null)
231:                    resourceResolver = new DefaultResourceResolver();
232:
233:                resourceResolver = preChainResourceResolver(resourceResolver);
234:
235:                return new DefaultFaceletFactory(c, resourceResolver,
236:                        refreshPeriod);
237:            }
238:
239:            /**
240:             * When D2DFaceletViewHandler is setting up the ResourceResolver for
241:             *  Facelets, it uses this callback to allow for any subclass to
242:             *  define a ResourceResolver of higher precedence, that would have
243:             *  first crack at resolving resources, and then could delegate to
244:             *  the standard mechanism.
245:             * 
246:             * @param after The standard ResourceResolver that Facelets would ordinarily use
247:             * @return Either the new pre-chained ResourceResolver if one is being added,
248:             *         or just the given one if nothing is being chained in
249:             */
250:            protected ResourceResolver preChainResourceResolver(
251:                    ResourceResolver after) {
252:                return after;
253:            }
254:
255:            protected String getRenderedViewId(FacesContext context,
256:                    String actionId) {
257:                ExternalContext extCtx = context.getExternalContext();
258:                String viewId = actionId;
259:                if (extCtx.getRequestPathInfo() == null) {
260:                    String facesSuffix = actionId.substring(actionId
261:                            .lastIndexOf('.'));
262:                    String viewSuffix = context.getExternalContext()
263:                            .getInitParameter(
264:                                    ViewHandler.DEFAULT_SUFFIX_PARAM_NAME);
265:                    if (viewSuffix != null) {
266:                        viewId = actionId.replaceFirst(facesSuffix, viewSuffix);
267:                    } else {
268:                        if (log.isErrorEnabled()) {
269:                            log
270:                                    .error("The "
271:                                            + ViewHandler.DEFAULT_SUFFIX_PARAM_NAME
272:                                            + " context parameter is not set in web.xml. "
273:                                            + "Please define the filename extension used for "
274:                                            + "your source JSF pages. Example:\n"
275:                                            + "<context-param>\n"
276:                                            + "  <param-name>javax.faces.DEFAULT_SUFFIX</param-name>\n"
277:                                            + "  <param-value>.xhtml</param-value>\n"
278:                                            + "</context-param>");
279:                        }
280:                    }
281:                }
282:                return viewId;
283:            }
284:
285:            protected void renderResponse(FacesContext facesContext)
286:                    throws IOException {
287:                if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
288:                    log.trace("renderResponse(FC)");
289:                }
290:                BridgeFacesContext context = (BridgeFacesContext) facesContext;
291:                try {
292:                    clearSession(context);
293:                    ResponseWriter responseWriter = context
294:                            .createAndSetResponseWriter();
295:
296:                    UIViewRoot viewToRender = context.getViewRoot();
297:                    String renderedViewId = getRenderedViewId(context,
298:                            viewToRender.getViewId());
299:                    viewToRender.setViewId(renderedViewId);
300:                    if (viewToRender.getId() == null) {
301:                        viewToRender.setId(viewToRender.createUniqueId());
302:                    }
303:
304:                    ComponentSupport.removeTransient(viewToRender);
305:
306:                    // grab our FaceletFactory and create a Facelet
307:                    faceletInitialize();
308:                    Facelet f = null;
309:                    FaceletFactory.setInstance(faceletFactory);
310:                    try {
311:                        f = faceletFactory.getFacelet(viewToRender.getViewId());
312:                    } finally {
313:                        FaceletFactory.setInstance(null);
314:                    }
315:
316:                    // Populate UIViewRoot
317:                    f.apply(context, viewToRender);
318:
319:                    verifyUniqueComponentIds(context, viewToRender);
320:
321:                    // Uses D2DViewHandler logging
322:                    tracePrintComponentTree(context);
323:
324:                    responseWriter.startDocument();
325:                    renderResponse(context, viewToRender);
326:                    responseWriter.endDocument();
327:                } catch (Exception e) {
328:                    if (log.isErrorEnabled()) {
329:                        log.error("Problem in renderResponse: "
330:                                + e.getMessage(), e);
331:                    }
332:                    throw new FacesException("Problem in renderResponse: "
333:                            + e.getMessage(), e);
334:                }
335:            }
336:
337:            protected static void removeTransient(UIComponent c) {
338:                UIComponent d, e;
339:                if (c.getChildCount() > 0) {
340:                    for (Iterator itr = c.getChildren().iterator(); itr
341:                            .hasNext();) {
342:                        d = (UIComponent) itr.next();
343:                        if (d.getFacets().size() > 0) {
344:                            for (Iterator jtr = d.getFacets().values()
345:                                    .iterator(); jtr.hasNext();) {
346:                                e = (UIComponent) jtr.next();
347:                                if (e.isTransient()) {
348:                                    jtr.remove();
349:                                } else {
350:                                    D2DFaceletViewHandler.removeTransient(e);
351:                                }
352:                            }
353:                        }
354:                        if (d.isTransient()) {
355:                            itr.remove();
356:                        } else {
357:                            D2DFaceletViewHandler.removeTransient(d);
358:                        }
359:                    }
360:                }
361:                if (c.getFacets().size() > 0) {
362:                    for (Iterator itr = c.getFacets().values().iterator(); itr
363:                            .hasNext();) {
364:                        d = (UIComponent) itr.next();
365:                        if (d.isTransient()) {
366:                            itr.remove();
367:                        } else {
368:                            D2DFaceletViewHandler.removeTransient(d);
369:                        }
370:                    }
371:                }
372:            }
373:
374:            /**
375:             * For performance reasons, when there aren't id collisions
376:             *   we want this to be as fast as possible.  When there are
377:             *   collisions, then we'll take some extra time to do a second
378:             *   pass to provide more information
379:             * It could have all been done in one pass, but that would penalise
380:             *   the typical case, where there are not duplicate ids
381:             * 
382:             * @param comp UIComponent to recurse down through, searching for
383:             *             duplicate ids. Should be the UIViewRoot
384:             */
385:            protected static void verifyUniqueComponentIds(
386:                    FacesContext context, UIComponent comp) {
387:                if (!log.isDebugEnabled())
388:                    return;
389:
390:                HashMap ids = new HashMap(512);
391:                ArrayList duplicateIds = new ArrayList(256);
392:                quicklyDetectDuplicateComponentIds(comp, ids, duplicateIds);
393:
394:                if (!duplicateIds.isEmpty()) {
395:                    HashMap duplicateIds2comps = new HashMap(512);
396:                    compileDuplicateComponentIds(comp, duplicateIds2comps,
397:                            duplicateIds);
398:                    reportDuplicateComponentIds(context, duplicateIds2comps,
399:                            duplicateIds);
400:                }
401:            }
402:
403:            /**
404:             * Do the least amount of work to find if there are any duplicate ids,
405:             *   with the assumption being that we won't typically find any
406:             * We also mention any null ids, just to be safe
407:             * 
408:             * @param comp  UIComponent to recurse down through, searching for
409:             *              duplicate ids.
410:             * @param ids  HashMap<String id, String id> allows for detecting
411:             *             if an id has already been encountered or not
412:             * @param duplicateIds  ArrayList<String id> duplicate ids encountered
413:             *                      as we recurse down
414:             */
415:            private static void quicklyDetectDuplicateComponentIds(
416:                    UIComponent comp, HashMap ids, ArrayList duplicateIds) {
417:                String id = comp.getId();
418:                if (id == null) {
419:                    log.debug("UIComponent has null id: " + comp);
420:                } else {
421:                    if (ids.containsKey(id)) {
422:                        if (!duplicateIds.contains(id))
423:                            duplicateIds.add(id);
424:                    } else {
425:                        ids.put(id, id);
426:                    }
427:                }
428:                Iterator children = comp.getFacetsAndChildren();
429:                while (children.hasNext()) {
430:                    UIComponent child = (UIComponent) children.next();
431:                    quicklyDetectDuplicateComponentIds(child, ids, duplicateIds);
432:                }
433:            }
434:
435:            /**
436:             * Make a list of every UIComponent that has a duplicate id, as found
437:             *  in the duplicateIds parameter.
438:             * 
439:             * @param comp  UIComponent to recurse down through, searching for
440:             *              duplicate ids.
441:             * @param duplicateIds2comps  HashMap< String id, ArrayList<UIComponent> >
442:             *                            save every UIComponent with one of the
443:             *                            duplicate ids, so we can list them all
444:             * @param duplicateIds  ArrayList<String id> duplicate ids encountered
445:             *                      before
446:             */
447:            private static void compileDuplicateComponentIds(UIComponent comp,
448:                    HashMap duplicateIds2comps, ArrayList duplicateIds) {
449:                String id = comp.getId();
450:                if (id != null && duplicateIds.contains(id)) {
451:                    ArrayList duplicateComps = (ArrayList) duplicateIds2comps
452:                            .get(id);
453:                    if (duplicateComps == null) {
454:                        duplicateComps = new ArrayList();
455:                        duplicateIds2comps.put(id, duplicateComps);
456:                    }
457:                    duplicateComps.add(comp);
458:                }
459:                Iterator children = comp.getFacetsAndChildren();
460:                while (children.hasNext()) {
461:                    UIComponent child = (UIComponent) children.next();
462:                    compileDuplicateComponentIds(child, duplicateIds2comps,
463:                            duplicateIds);
464:                }
465:            }
466:
467:            /**
468:             * Given a list of duplicate ids, and a mapping to each list of
469:             *   UIComponents sharing each id, log this info so that the user
470:             *   can most easily debug their application.
471:             * 
472:             * @param duplicateIds2comps  HashMap< String id, ArrayList<UIComponent> >
473:             *                            for each duplicated id, the UIComponents
474:             *                            sharing that id
475:             * @param duplicateIds  ArrayList<String id> duplicate ids encountered
476:             *                      before
477:             */
478:            private static void reportDuplicateComponentIds(
479:                    FacesContext context, HashMap duplicateIds2comps,
480:                    ArrayList duplicateIds) {
481:                // We don't simply iterate over duplicateIds2comps's keys, since that
482:                //  sequence is will probably not be very useful, whereas duplicateIds
483:                //  is sequenced in the order that we encountered the ids in the
484:                //  component tree, and thus in the source .xhtml file.
485:
486:                int numDuplicateIds = duplicateIds.size();
487:                log
488:                        .debug("There were "
489:                                + numDuplicateIds
490:                                + " ids found which are duplicates, meaning that multiple UIComponents share that same id");
491:                for (int i = 0; i < numDuplicateIds; i++) {
492:                    String id = (String) duplicateIds.get(i);
493:                    ArrayList duplicateComps = (ArrayList) duplicateIds2comps
494:                            .get(id);
495:                    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(512);
496:                    sb.append("Duplicate id: ");
497:                    sb.append(id);
498:                    sb.append(".  Number of UIComponents sharing that id: ");
499:                    sb.append(Integer.toString(duplicateComps.size()));
500:                    sb.append('.');
501:                    for (int c = 0; c < duplicateComps.size(); c++) {
502:                        UIComponent comp = (UIComponent) duplicateComps.get(c);
503:                        sb.append("\n  clientId: ");
504:                        sb.append(comp.getClientId(context));
505:                        if (comp.isTransient())
506:                            sb.append(".  TRANSIENT");
507:                        sb.append(".  component: ");
508:                        sb.append(comp.toString());
509:                    }
510:                    log.debug(sb.toString());
511:                }
512:            }
513:        }
www.java2java.com | Contact Us
Copyright 2009 - 12 Demo Source and Support. All rights reserved.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.