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/*
* Copyright (c) 2004 David Flanagan. All rights reserved.
* This code is from the book Java Examples in a Nutshell, 3nd Edition.
* It is provided AS-IS, WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
* You may study, use, and modify it for any non-commercial purpose,
* including teaching and use in open-source projects.
* You may distribute it non-commercially as long as you retain this notice.
* For a commercial use license, or to purchase the book,
* please visit http://www.davidflanagan.com/javaexamples3.
*/
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.sound.midi.InvalidMidiDataException;
import javax.sound.midi.MidiSystem;
import javax.sound.midi.MidiUnavailableException;
import javax.sound.midi.Receiver;
import javax.sound.midi.Sequence;
import javax.sound.midi.Sequencer;
import javax.sound.midi.Synthesizer;
import javax.sound.midi.Track;
import javax.sound.midi.Transmitter;
import javax.sound.sampled.AudioInputStream;
import javax.sound.sampled.AudioSystem;
import javax.sound.sampled.Clip;
import javax.sound.sampled.DataLine;
import javax.sound.sampled.FloatControl;
import javax.sound.sampled.LineUnavailableException;
import javax.sound.sampled.UnsupportedAudioFileException;
import javax.swing.Box;
import javax.swing.BoxLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JCheckBox;
import javax.swing.JComponent;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JSlider;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.border.TitledBorder;
import javax.swing.event.ChangeEvent;
import javax.swing.event.ChangeListener;
/**
* This class is a Swing component that can load and play a sound clip,
* displaying progress and controls. The main() method is a test program. This
* component can play sampled audio or MIDI files, but handles them differently.
* For sampled audio, time is reported in microseconds, tracked in milliseconds
* and displayed in seconds and tenths of seconds. For midi files time is
* reported, tracked, and displayed in MIDI "ticks". This program does no
* transcoding, so it can only play sound files that use the PCM encoding.
*/
public class SoundPlayer extends JComponent {
boolean midi; // Are we playing a midi file or a sampled one?
Sequence sequence; // The contents of a MIDI file
Sequencer sequencer; // We play MIDI Sequences with a Sequencer
Clip clip; // Contents of a sampled audio file
boolean playing = false; // whether the sound is current playing
// Length and position of the sound are measured in milliseconds for
// sampled sounds and MIDI "ticks" for MIDI sounds
int audioLength; // Length of the sound.
int audioPosition = 0; // Current position within the sound
// The following fields are for the GUI
JButton play; // The Play/Stop button
JSlider progress; // Shows and sets current position in sound
JLabel time; // Displays audioPosition as a number
Timer timer; // Updates slider every 100 milliseconds
// The main method just creates an SoundPlayer in a Frame and displays it
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, UnsupportedAudioFileException,
LineUnavailableException, MidiUnavailableException, InvalidMidiDataException {
SoundPlayer player;
File file = new File(args[0]); // This is the file we'll be playing
// Determine whether it is midi or sampled audio
boolean ismidi;
try {
// We discard the return value of this method; we just need to know
// whether it returns successfully or throws an exception
MidiSystem.getMidiFileFormat(file);
ismidi = true;
} catch (InvalidMidiDataException e) {
ismidi = false;
}
// Create a SoundPlayer object to play the sound.
player = new SoundPlayer(file, ismidi);
// Put it in a window and play it
JFrame f = new JFrame("SoundPlayer");
f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
f.getContentPane().add(player, "Center");
f.pack();
f.setVisible(true);
}
// Create an SoundPlayer component for the specified file.
public SoundPlayer(File f, boolean isMidi) throws IOException, UnsupportedAudioFileException,
LineUnavailableException, MidiUnavailableException, InvalidMidiDataException {
if (isMidi) { // The file is a MIDI file
midi = true;
// First, get a Sequencer to play sequences of MIDI events
// That is, to send events to a Synthesizer at the right time.
sequencer = MidiSystem.getSequencer(); // Used to play sequences
sequencer.open(); // Turn it on.
// Get a Synthesizer for the Sequencer to send notes to
Synthesizer synth = MidiSystem.getSynthesizer();
synth.open(); // acquire whatever resources it needs
// The Sequencer obtained above may be connected to a Synthesizer
// by default, or it may not. Therefore, we explicitly connect it.
Transmitter transmitter = sequencer.getTransmitter();
Receiver receiver = synth.getReceiver();
transmitter.setReceiver(receiver);
// Read the sequence from the file and tell the sequencer about it
sequence = MidiSystem.getSequence(f);
sequencer.setSequence(sequence);
audioLength = (int) sequence.getTickLength(); // Get sequence length
} else { // The file is sampled audio
midi = false;
// Getting a Clip object for a file of sampled audio data is kind
// of cumbersome. The following lines do what we need.
AudioInputStream ain = AudioSystem.getAudioInputStream(f);
try {
DataLine.Info info = new DataLine.Info(Clip.class, ain.getFormat());
clip = (Clip) AudioSystem.getLine(info);
clip.open(ain);
} finally { // We're done with the input stream.
ain.close();
}
// Get the clip length in microseconds and convert to milliseconds
audioLength = (int) (clip.getMicrosecondLength() / 1000);
}
// Now create the basic GUI
play = new JButton("Play"); // Play/stop button
progress = new JSlider(0, audioLength, 0); // Shows position in sound
time = new JLabel("0"); // Shows position as a #
// When clicked, start or stop playing the sound
play.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (playing)
stop();
else
play();
}
});
// Whenever the slider value changes, first update the time label.
// Next, if we're not already at the new position, skip to it.
progress.addChangeListener(new ChangeListener() {
public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {
int value = progress.getValue();
// Update the time label
if (midi)
time.setText(value + "");
else
time.setText(value / 1000 + "." + (value % 1000) / 100);
// If we're not already there, skip there.
if (value != audioPosition)
skip(value);
}
});
// This timer calls the tick() method 10 times a second to keep
// our slider in sync with the music.
timer = new javax.swing.Timer(100, new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
tick();
}
});
// put those controls in a row
Box row = Box.createHorizontalBox();
row.add(play);
row.add(progress);
row.add(time);
// And add them to this component.
setLayout(new BoxLayout(this, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));
this.add(row);
// Now add additional controls based on the type of the sound
if (midi)
addMidiControls();
else
addSampledControls();
}
/** Start playing the sound at the current position */
public void play() {
if (midi)
sequencer.start();
else
clip.start();
timer.start();
play.setText("Stop");
playing = true;
}
/** Stop playing the sound, but retain the current position */
public void stop() {
timer.stop();
if (midi)
sequencer.stop();
else
clip.stop();
play.setText("Play");
playing = false;
}
/** Stop playing the sound and reset the position to 0 */
public void reset() {
stop();
if (midi)
sequencer.setTickPosition(0);
else
clip.setMicrosecondPosition(0);
audioPosition = 0;
progress.setValue(0);
}
/** Skip to the specified position */
public void skip(int position) { // Called when user drags the slider
if (position < 0 || position > audioLength)
return;
audioPosition = position;
if (midi)
sequencer.setTickPosition(position);
else
clip.setMicrosecondPosition(position * 1000);
progress.setValue(position); // in case skip() is called from outside
}
/** Return the length of the sound in ms or ticks */
public int getLength() {
return audioLength;
}
// An internal method that updates the progress bar.
// The Timer object calls it 10 times a second.
// If the sound has finished, it resets to the beginning
void tick() {
if (midi && sequencer.isRunning()) {
audioPosition = (int) sequencer.getTickPosition();
progress.setValue(audioPosition);
} else if (!midi && clip.isActive()) {
audioPosition = (int) (clip.getMicrosecondPosition() / 1000);
progress.setValue(audioPosition);
} else
reset();
}
// For sampled sounds, add sliders to control volume and balance
void addSampledControls() {
try {
FloatControl gainControl = (FloatControl) clip.getControl(FloatControl.Type.MASTER_GAIN);
if (gainControl != null)
this.add(createSlider(gainControl));
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
// If MASTER_GAIN volume control is unsupported, just skip it
}
try {
// FloatControl.Type.BALANCE is probably the correct control to
// use here, but it doesn't work for me, so I use PAN instead.
FloatControl panControl = (FloatControl) clip.getControl(FloatControl.Type.PAN);
if (panControl != null)
this.add(createSlider(panControl));
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
}
}
// Return a JSlider component to manipulate the supplied FloatControl
// for sampled audio.
JSlider createSlider(final FloatControl c) {
if (c == null)
return null;
final JSlider s = new JSlider(0, 1000);
final float min = c.getMinimum();
final float max = c.getMaximum();
final float width = max - min;
float fval = c.getValue();
s.setValue((int) ((fval - min) / width * 1000));
java.util.Hashtable labels = new java.util.Hashtable(3);
labels.put(new Integer(0), new JLabel(c.getMinLabel()));
labels.put(new Integer(500), new JLabel(c.getMidLabel()));
labels.put(new Integer(1000), new JLabel(c.getMaxLabel()));
s.setLabelTable(labels);
s.setPaintLabels(true);
s.setBorder(new TitledBorder(c.getType().toString() + " " + c.getUnits()));
s.addChangeListener(new ChangeListener() {
public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {
int i = s.getValue();
float f = min + (i * width / 1000.0f);
c.setValue(f);
}
});
return s;
}
// For Midi files, create a JSlider to control the tempo,
// and create JCheckBoxes to mute or solo each MIDI track.
void addMidiControls() {
// Add a slider to control the tempo
final JSlider tempo = new JSlider(50, 200);
tempo.setValue((int) (sequencer.getTempoFactor() * 100));
tempo.setBorder(new TitledBorder("Tempo Adjustment (%)"));
java.util.Hashtable labels = new java.util.Hashtable();
labels.put(new Integer(50), new JLabel("50%"));
labels.put(new Integer(100), new JLabel("100%"));
labels.put(new Integer(200), new JLabel("200%"));
tempo.setLabelTable(labels);
tempo.setPaintLabels(true);
// The event listener actually changes the tmpo
tempo.addChangeListener(new ChangeListener() {
public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {
sequencer.setTempoFactor(tempo.getValue() / 100.0f);
}
});
this.add(tempo);
// Create rows of solo and checkboxes for each track
Track[] tracks = sequence.getTracks();
for (int i = 0; i < tracks.length; i++) {
final int tracknum = i;
// Two checkboxes per track
final JCheckBox solo = new JCheckBox("solo");
final JCheckBox mute = new JCheckBox("mute");
// The listeners solo or mute the track
solo.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
sequencer.setTrackSolo(tracknum, solo.isSelected());
}
});
mute.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
sequencer.setTrackMute(tracknum, mute.isSelected());
}
});
// Build up a row
Box box = Box.createHorizontalBox();
box.add(new JLabel("Track " + tracknum));
box.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(10));
box.add(solo);
box.add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(10));
box.add(mute);
box.add(Box.createHorizontalGlue());
// And add it to this component
this.add(box);
}
}
}
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