Reference new value with :NEW in a before insert or update trigger : NEW OLD « Trigger « Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial

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Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial » Trigger » NEW OLD 
28. 3. 2. Reference new value with :NEW in a before insert or update trigger
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
  2    ID                 VARCHAR2(BYTE)         NOT NULL,
  3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  5    Start_Date         DATE,
  6    End_Date           DATE,
  7    Salary             Number(8,2),
  8    City               VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  9    Description        VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
 10  )
 11  /

Table created.

SQL>
SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER employee_insert_update
  2    BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON employee
  3    FOR EACH ROW
  4  DECLARE
  5    dup_flag  INTEGER;
  6  BEGIN
  7       --Force all employee names to uppercase.
  8  :NEW.first_name := UPPER(:NEW.first_name);
  9  END;
 10  /

Trigger created.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2               values ('01','Jason',    'Martin',  to_date('19960725','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20060725','YYYYMMDD'), 1234.56'Toronto',  'Programmer')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values('02','Alison',   'Mathews', to_date('19760321','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19860221','YYYYMMDD'), 6661.78'Vancouver','Tester')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values('03','James',    'Smith',   to_date('19781212','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19900315','YYYYMMDD'), 6544.78'Vancouver','Tester')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values('04','Celia',    'Rice',    to_date('19821024','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19990421','YYYYMMDD'), 2344.78'Vancouver','Manager')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values('05','Robert',   'Black',   to_date('19840115','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980808','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78'Vancouver','Tester')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values('06','Linda',    'Green',   to_date('19870730','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19960104','YYYYMMDD'), 4322.78,'New York',  'Tester')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values('07','David',    'Larry',   to_date('19901231','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980212','YYYYMMDD'), 7897.78,'New York',  'Manager')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values('08','James',    'Cat',     to_date('19960917','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20020415','YYYYMMDD'), 1232.78,'Vancouver', 'Tester')
  3  /

row created.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select from Employee
  2  /

ID   FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME  START_DAT END_DATE      SALARY CITY       DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01   JASON      Martin     25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06    1234.56 Toronto    Programmer
02   ALISON     Mathews    21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86    6661.78 Vancouver  Tester
03   JAMES      Smith      12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90    6544.78 Vancouver  Tester
04   CELIA      Rice       24-OCT-82 21-APR-99    2344.78 Vancouver  Manager
05   ROBERT     Black      15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98    2334.78 Vancouver  Tester
06   LINDA      Green      30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96    4322.78 New York   Tester
07   DAVID      Larry      31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98    7897.78 New York   Manager
08   JAMES      Cat        17-SEP-96 15-APR-02    1232.78 Vancouver  Tester

rows selected.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
  2  /

Table dropped.

SQL>
28. 3. NEW OLD
28. 3. 1. Old and new value
28. 3. 2. Reference new value with :NEW in a before insert or update trigger
28. 3. 3. Refernece an old value in :OLD after update trigger
28. 3. 4. :old and :new Pseudo-records, Example 1
28. 3. 5. :old and :new Pseudo-records, Example 2
28. 3. 6. Raise application error in a trigger in case of invalid new value
28. 3. 7. REFERENCING OLD AS old NEW AS new
28. 3. 8. REFERENCING OLD AS old_values NEW AS new_values
28. 3. 9. Output new and old value in a before update trigger
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