Using DECODE() and GROUPING() to Convert Multiple Column Values : GROUPING « Analytical Functions « Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial

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Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial » Analytical Functions » GROUPING 
16. 13. 3. Using DECODE() and GROUPING() to Convert Multiple Column Values
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
  2    ID                 VARCHAR2(BYTE)         NOT NULL,
  3    First_Name         VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  4    Last_Name          VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  5    Start_Date         DATE,
  6    End_Date           DATE,
  7    Salary             Number(8,2),
  8    City               VARCHAR2(10 BYTE),
  9    Description        VARCHAR2(15 BYTE)
 10  )
 11  /

Table created.

SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2               values ('01','Jason',    'Martin',  to_date('19960725','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20060725','YYYYMMDD'), 1234.56'Toronto',  'Programmer')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values('02','Alison',   'Mathews', to_date('19760321','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19860221','YYYYMMDD'), 6661.78'Vancouver','Tester')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values('03','James',    'Smith',   to_date('19781212','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19900315','YYYYMMDD'), 6544.78'Vancouver','Tester')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values('04','Celia',    'Rice',    to_date('19821024','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19990421','YYYYMMDD'), 2344.78'Vancouver','Manager')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary,  City,       Description)
  2                values('05','Robert',   'Black',   to_date('19840115','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980808','YYYYMMDD'), 2334.78'Vancouver','Tester')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values('06','Linda',    'Green',   to_date('19870730','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19960104','YYYYMMDD'), 4322.78,'New York',  'Tester')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values('07','David',    'Larry',   to_date('19901231','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('19980212','YYYYMMDD'), 7897.78,'New York',  'Manager')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(ID,  First_Name, Last_Name, Start_Date,                     End_Date,                       Salary, City,        Description)
  2                values('08','James',    'Cat',     to_date('19960917','YYYYMMDD'), to_date('20020415','YYYYMMDD'), 1232.78,'Vancouver', 'Tester')
  3  /

row created.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select from Employee
  2  /

ID   FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME  START_DAT END_DATE      SALARY CITY       DESCRIPTION
---- ---------- ---------- --------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
01   Jason      Martin     25-JUL-96 25-JUL-06    1234.56 Toronto    Programmer
02   Alison     Mathews    21-MAR-76 21-FEB-86    6661.78 Vancouver  Tester
03   James      Smith      12-DEC-78 15-MAR-90    6544.78 Vancouver  Tester
04   Celia      Rice       24-OCT-82 21-APR-99    2344.78 Vancouver  Manager
05   Robert     Black      15-JAN-84 08-AUG-98    2334.78 Vancouver  Tester
06   Linda      Green      30-JUL-87 04-JAN-96    4322.78 New York   Tester
07   David      Larry      31-DEC-90 12-FEB-98    7897.78 New York   Manager
08   James      Cat        17-SEP-96 15-APR-02    1232.78 Vancouver  Tester

rows selected.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT
  2   DECODE(GROUPING(city)1'All cities', cityAS
  3    cities,
  4   DECODE(GROUPING(description)1'All desc', descriptionAS job,
  5  SUM(salary)
  6  FROM employee
  7  GROUP BY ROLLUP(city, description);

CITIES     JOB             SUM(SALARY)
---------- --------------- -----------
Toronto    Programmer          1234.56
Toronto    All desc            1234.56
New York   Tester              4322.78
New York   Manager             7897.78
New York   All desc           12220.56
Vancouver  Tester             16774.12
Vancouver  Manager             2344.78
Vancouver  All desc            19118.9
All cities All desc           32574.02

rows selected.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
  2  /

Table dropped.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
16. 13. GROUPING
16. 13. 1. GROUPING() with a Single Column in a ROLLUP
16. 13. 2. Using DECODE() to Convert the Returned Value from GROUPING()
16. 13. 3. Using DECODE() and GROUPING() to Convert Multiple Column Values
16. 13. 4. Using GROUPING() with CUBE
16. 13. 5. Using the GROUPING SETS Clause
16. 13. 6. Computing the GROUPING Bit Vector
16. 13. 7. Using the GROUP_ID() Function
16. 13. 8. Eliminate duplicate rows using a HAVING clause that only allows rows whose GROUP_ID() is 0
16. 13. 9. Grouping with Rollup and Cube
16. 13. 10. Use GROUPING(x) function in a DECODE or CASE to enhance the result
16. 13. 11. Use the BREAK reporting tool to space the display conveniently
16. 13. 12. Getting Values and Subtotals in One Go with GROUPING SETS
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