Understanding Outer Joins : Outer Joins Left Right « Table Joins « Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial

Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial
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Oracle PL/SQL Tutorial » Table Joins » Outer Joins Left Right 
7. 4. 1. Understanding Outer Joins
  1. An outer join retrieves a row even when one of the columns in the join contains a null value.
  2. You perform an outer join by supplying the outer join operator in the join condition.
  3. The outer join operator is a plus character in parentheses (+).
  4. The outer join operator (+) is on the column that contains the null value.
SQL> -- create demo table
SQL> create table Employee(
  2    EMPNO         NUMBER(3),
  3    ENAME         VARCHAR2(15 BYTE),
  4    HIREDATE      DATE,
  5    ORIG_SALARY   NUMBER(6),
  6    CURR_SALARY   NUMBER(6),
  7    REGION        VARCHAR2(BYTE)
  8  )
  9  /

Table created.

SQL>
SQL> create table job (
  2    EMPNO         NUMBER(3),
  3    jobtitle      VARCHAR2(20 BYTE)
  4  )
  5  /

Table created.

SQL>
SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (1,'Tester');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (2,'Accountant');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (3,'Developer');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (4,'COder');

row created.

SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (5,'Director');

row created.

SQL>
SQL> insert into job (EMPNO, Jobtitlevalues (9,'Developer');

row created.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- prepare data
SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION)
  2               values (1,      'Jason', to_date('19960725','YYYYMMDD'), 1234,              8767,         'E')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION)
  2               values (2,      'John',  to_date('19970715','YYYYMMDD'), 2341,              3456,         'W')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION)
  2               values (3,      'Joe',   to_date('19860125','YYYYMMDD'), 4321,              5654,         'E')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION)
  2               values (4,      'Tom',   to_date('20060913','YYYYMMDD'), 2413,              6787,         'W')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION)
  2               values (5,      'Jane',  to_date('20050417','YYYYMMDD'), 7654,              4345,         'E')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION)
  2               values (6,      'James', to_date('20040718','YYYYMMDD'), 5679,              6546,         'W')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION)
  2               values (7,      'Jodd',  to_date('20030720','YYYYMMDD'), 5438,              7658,         'E')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION)
  2               values (8,      'Joke',  to_date('20020101','YYYYMMDD'), 8765,              4543,         'W')
  3  /

row created.

SQL> insert into Employee(EMPNO,  EName,   HIREDATE,                       ORIG_SALARY,       CURR_SALARY,  REGION)
  2               values (9,      'Jack',  to_date('20010829','YYYYMMDD'), 7896,              1232,         'E')
  3  /

row created.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> -- display data in the table
SQL> select from Employee
  2  /

     EMPNO ENAME           HIREDATE  ORIG_SALARY CURR_SALARY R
---------- --------------- --------- ----------- ----------- -
         Jason           25-JUL-96        1234        8767 E
         John            15-JUL-97        2341        3456 W
         Joe             25-JAN-86        4321        5654 E
         Tom             13-SEP-06        2413        6787 W
         Jane            17-APR-05        7654        4345 E
         James           18-JUL-04        5679        6546 W
         Jodd            20-JUL-03        5438        7658 E
         Joke            01-JAN-02        8765        4543 W
         Jack            29-AUG-01        7896        1232 E

rows selected.

SQL> select from job
  2  /

     EMPNO JOBTITLE
---------- --------------------
         Tester
         Accountant
         Developer
         COder
         Director
         Developer

rows selected.

SQL>
SQL>
SQL> SELECT e.ename, j.jobtitle FROM employee e, job j WHERE e.empno = j.empno (+);

ENAME           JOBTITLE
--------------- --------------------
Jason           Tester
John            Accountant
Joe             Developer
Tom             COder
Jane            Director
Jack            Developer
Joke
James
Jodd

rows selected.

SQL>
SQL> SELECT e.ename, j.jobtitle FROM employee e, job j WHERE e.empno (+= j.empno;

ENAME           JOBTITLE
--------------- --------------------
Jason           Tester
John            Accountant
Joe             Developer
Tom             COder
Jane            Director
Jack            Developer

rows selected.

SQL>
SQL> SELECT e.ename, j.jobtitle FROM employee e, job j WHERE j.empno (+= e.empno;

ENAME           JOBTITLE
--------------- --------------------
Jason           Tester
John            Accountant
Joe             Developer
Tom             COder
Jane            Director
Jack            Developer
Joke
James
Jodd

rows selected.

SQL>
SQL> -- clean the table
SQL> drop table Employee
  2  /

Table dropped.

SQL> drop table job
  2  /

Table dropped.

SQL>
7. 4. Outer Joins Left Right
7. 4. 1. Understanding Outer Joins
7. 4. 2. Left and Right Outer Joins
7. 4. 3. An Example of a Left Outer Join 1
7. 4. 4. An Example of a Left Outer Join 2
7. 4. 5. An Example of a Right Outer Join 1
7. 4. 6. An Example of a Right Outer Join 2
7. 4. 7. Perform outer joins in combination with self joins, employee and job tables
7. 4. 8. Example outer join with (+)
7. 4. 9. Right outer join with using statement
7. 4. 10. Right outer join with group by
7. 4. 11. LEFT OUTER JOIN tableName ON joined columns
7. 4. 12. LEFT OUTER JOIN vs RIGHT OUTER JOIN
7. 4. 13. Left Outer Join
7. 4. 14. Right Outer Join
7. 4. 15. Right Outer Join(room vs class)
7. 4. 16. Right join with where in clause
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