import os
import sys
from optparse import OptionParser,NO_DEFAULT
import imp
import django
from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand,CommandError,handle_default_options
from django.utils.importlib import import_module
# For backwards compatibility: get_version() used to be in this module.
get_version = django.get_version
# A cache of loaded commands, so that call_command
# doesn't have to reload every time it's called.
_commands = None
def find_commands(management_dir):
"""
Given a path to a management directory, returns a list of all the command
names that are available.
Returns an empty list if no commands are defined.
"""
command_dir = os.path.join(management_dir, 'commands')
try:
return [f[:-3] for f in os.listdir(command_dir)
if not f.startswith('_') and f.endswith('.py')]
except OSError:
return []
def find_management_module(app_name):
"""
Determines the path to the management module for the given app_name,
without actually importing the application or the management module.
Raises ImportError if the management module cannot be found for any reason.
"""
parts = app_name.split('.')
parts.append('management')
parts.reverse()
part = parts.pop()
path = None
# When using manage.py, the project module is added to the path,
# loaded, then removed from the path. This means that
# testproject.testapp.models can be loaded in future, even if
# testproject isn't in the path. When looking for the management
# module, we need look for the case where the project name is part
# of the app_name but the project directory itself isn't on the path.
try:
f, path, descr = imp.find_module(part,path)
except ImportError,e:
if os.path.basename(os.getcwd()) != part:
raise e
while parts:
part = parts.pop()
f, path, descr = imp.find_module(part, path and [path] or None)
return path
def load_command_class(app_name, name):
"""
Given a command name and an application name, returns the Command
class instance. All errors raised by the import process
(ImportError, AttributeError) are allowed to propagate.
"""
module = import_module('%s.management.commands.%s' % (app_name, name))
return module.Command()
def get_commands():
"""
Returns a dictionary mapping command names to their callback applications.
This works by looking for a management.commands package in django.core, and
in each installed application -- if a commands package exists, all commands
in that package are registered.
Core commands are always included. If a settings module has been
specified, user-defined commands will also be included, the
startproject command will be disabled, and the startapp command
will be modified to use the directory in which the settings module appears.
The dictionary is in the format {command_name: app_name}. Key-value
pairs from this dictionary can then be used in calls to
load_command_class(app_name, command_name)
If a specific version of a command must be loaded (e.g., with the
startapp command), the instantiated module can be placed in the
dictionary in place of the application name.
The dictionary is cached on the first call and reused on subsequent
calls.
"""
global _commands
if _commands is None:
_commands = dict([(name, 'django.core') for name in find_commands(__path__[0])])
# Find the installed apps
try:
from django.conf import settings
apps = settings.INSTALLED_APPS
except (AttributeError, EnvironmentError, ImportError):
apps = []
# Find the project directory
try:
from django.conf import settings
module = import_module(settings.SETTINGS_MODULE)
project_directory = setup_environ(module, settings.SETTINGS_MODULE)
except (AttributeError, EnvironmentError, ImportError, KeyError):
project_directory = None
# Find and load the management module for each installed app.
for app_name in apps:
try:
path = find_management_module(app_name)
_commands.update(dict([(name, app_name)
for name in find_commands(path)]))
except ImportError:
pass # No management module - ignore this app
if project_directory:
# Remove the "startproject" command from self.commands, because
# that's a django-admin.py command, not a manage.py command.
del _commands['startproject']
# Override the startapp command so that it always uses the
# project_directory, not the current working directory
# (which is default).
from django.core.management.commands.startapp import ProjectCommand
_commands['startapp'] = ProjectCommand(project_directory)
return _commands
def call_command(name, *args, **options):
"""
Calls the given command, with the given options and args/kwargs.
This is the primary API you should use for calling specific commands.
Some examples:
call_command('syncdb')
call_command('shell', plain=True)
call_command('sqlall', 'myapp')
"""
# Load the command object.
try:
app_name = get_commands()[name]
if isinstance(app_name, BaseCommand):
# If the command is already loaded, use it directly.
klass = app_name
else:
klass = load_command_class(app_name, name)
except KeyError:
raise CommandError("Unknown command: %r" % name)
# Grab out a list of defaults from the options. optparse does this for us
# when the script runs from the command line, but since call_command can
# be called programatically, we need to simulate the loading and handling
# of defaults (see #10080 for details).
defaults = dict([(o.dest, o.default)
for o in klass.option_list
if o.default is not NO_DEFAULT])
defaults.update(options)
return klass.execute(*args, **defaults)
class LaxOptionParser(OptionParser):
"""
An option parser that doesn't raise any errors on unknown options.
This is needed because the --settings and --pythonpath options affect
the commands (and thus the options) that are available to the user.
"""
def error(self, msg):
pass
def print_help(self):
"""Output nothing.
The lax options are included in the normal option parser, so under
normal usage, we don't need to print the lax options.
"""
pass
def print_lax_help(self):
"""Output the basic options available to every command.
This just redirects to the default print_help() behaviour.
"""
OptionParser.print_help(self)
def _process_args(self, largs, rargs, values):
"""
Overrides OptionParser._process_args to exclusively handle default
options and ignore args and other options.
This overrides the behavior of the super class, which stop parsing
at the first unrecognized option.
"""
while rargs:
arg = rargs[0]
try:
if arg[0:2] == "--" and len(arg) > 2:
# process a single long option (possibly with value(s))
# the superclass code pops the arg off rargs
self._process_long_opt(rargs, values)
elif arg[:1] == "-" and len(arg) > 1:
# process a cluster of short options (possibly with
# value(s) for the last one only)
# the superclass code pops the arg off rargs
self._process_short_opts(rargs, values)
else:
# it's either a non-default option or an arg
# either way, add it to the args list so we can keep
# dealing with options
del rargs[0]
raise Exception
except:
largs.append(arg)
class ManagementUtility(object):
"""
Encapsulates the logic of the django-admin.py and manage.py utilities.
A ManagementUtility has a number of commands, which can be manipulated
by editing the self.commands dictionary.
"""
def __init__(self, argv=None):
self.argv = argv or sys.argv[:]
self.prog_name = os.path.basename(self.argv[0])
def main_help_text(self):
"""
Returns the script's main help text, as a string.
"""
usage = ['',"Type '%s help <subcommand>' for help on a specific subcommand." % self.prog_name,'']
usage.append('Available subcommands:')
commands = get_commands().keys()
commands.sort()
for cmd in commands:
usage.append(' %s' % cmd)
return '\n'.join(usage)
def fetch_command(self, subcommand):
"""
Tries to fetch the given subcommand, printing a message with the
appropriate command called from the command line (usually
"django-admin.py" or "manage.py") if it can't be found.
"""
try:
app_name = get_commands()[subcommand]
if isinstance(app_name, BaseCommand):
# If the command is already loaded, use it directly.
klass = app_name
else:
klass = load_command_class(app_name, subcommand)
except KeyError:
sys.stderr.write("Unknown command: %r\nType '%s help' for usage.\n" % \
(subcommand, self.prog_name))
sys.exit(1)
return klass
def autocomplete(self):
"""
Output completion suggestions for BASH.
The output of this function is passed to BASH's `COMREPLY` variable and
treated as completion suggestions. `COMREPLY` expects a space
separated string as the result.
The `COMP_WORDS` and `COMP_CWORD` BASH environment variables are used
to get information about the cli input. Please refer to the BASH
man-page for more information about this variables.
Subcommand options are saved as pairs. A pair consists of
the long option string (e.g. '--exclude') and a boolean
value indicating if the option requires arguments. When printing to
stdout, a equal sign is appended to options which require arguments.
Note: If debugging this function, it is recommended to write the debug
output in a separate file. Otherwise the debug output will be treated
and formatted as potential completion suggestions.
"""
# Don't complete if user hasn't sourced bash_completion file.
if not os.environ.has_key('DJANGO_AUTO_COMPLETE'):
return
cwords = os.environ['COMP_WORDS'].split()[1:]
cword = int(os.environ['COMP_CWORD'])
try:
curr = cwords[cword-1]
except IndexError:
curr = ''
subcommands = get_commands().keys() + ['help']
options = [('--help', None)]
# subcommand
if cword == 1:
print ' '.join(sorted(filter(lambda x: x.startswith(curr), subcommands)))
# subcommand options
# special case: the 'help' subcommand has no options
elif cwords[0] in subcommands and cwords[0] != 'help':
subcommand_cls = self.fetch_command(cwords[0])
# special case: 'runfcgi' stores additional options as
# 'key=value' pairs
if cwords[0] == 'runfcgi':
from django.core.servers.fastcgi import FASTCGI_OPTIONS
options += [(k, 1) for k in FASTCGI_OPTIONS]
# special case: add the names of installed apps to options
elif cwords[0] in ('dumpdata', 'reset', 'sql', 'sqlall',
'sqlclear', 'sqlcustom', 'sqlindexes',
'sqlreset', 'sqlsequencereset', 'test'):
try:
from django.conf import settings
# Get the last part of the dotted path as the app name.
options += [(a.split('.')[-1], 0) for a in settings.INSTALLED_APPS]
except ImportError:
# Fail silently if DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE isn't set. The
# user will find out once they execute the command.
pass
options += [(s_opt.get_opt_string(), s_opt.nargs) for s_opt in
subcommand_cls.option_list]
# filter out previously specified options from available options
prev_opts = [x.split('=')[0] for x in cwords[1:cword-1]]
options = filter(lambda (x, v): x not in prev_opts, options)
# filter options by current input
options = sorted([(k, v) for k, v in options if k.startswith(curr)])
for option in options:
opt_label = option[0]
# append '=' to options which require args
if option[1]:
opt_label += '='
print opt_label
sys.exit(1)
def execute(self):
"""
Given the command-line arguments, this figures out which subcommand is
being run, creates a parser appropriate to that command, and runs it.
"""
# Preprocess options to extract --settings and --pythonpath.
# These options could affect the commands that are available, so they
# must be processed early.
parser = LaxOptionParser(usage="%prog subcommand [options] [args]",
version=get_version(),
option_list=BaseCommand.option_list)
self.autocomplete()
try:
options, args = parser.parse_args(self.argv)
handle_default_options(options)
except:
pass # Ignore any option errors at this point.
try:
subcommand = self.argv[1]
except IndexError:
subcommand = 'help' # Display help if no arguments were given.
if subcommand == 'help':
if len(args) > 2:
self.fetch_command(args[2]).print_help(self.prog_name, args[2])
else:
parser.print_lax_help()
sys.stderr.write(self.main_help_text() + '\n')
sys.exit(1)
# Special-cases: We want 'django-admin.py --version' and
# 'django-admin.py --help' to work, for backwards compatibility.
elif self.argv[1:] == ['--version']:
# LaxOptionParser already takes care of printing the version.
pass
elif self.argv[1:] == ['--help']:
parser.print_lax_help()
sys.stderr.write(self.main_help_text() + '\n')
else:
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
def setup_environ(settings_mod, original_settings_path=None):
"""
Configures the runtime environment. This can also be used by external
scripts wanting to set up a similar environment to manage.py.
Returns the project directory (assuming the passed settings module is
directly in the project directory).
The "original_settings_path" parameter is optional, but recommended, since
trying to work out the original path from the module can be problematic.
"""
# Add this project to sys.path so that it's importable in the conventional
# way. For example, if this file (manage.py) lives in a directory
# "myproject", this code would add "/path/to/myproject" to sys.path.
if '__init__.py' in settings_mod.__file__:
p = os.path.dirname(settings_mod.__file__)
else:
p = settings_mod.__file__
project_directory, settings_filename = os.path.split(p)
if project_directory == os.curdir or not project_directory:
project_directory = os.getcwd()
project_name = os.path.basename(project_directory)
# Strip filename suffix to get the module name.
settings_name = os.path.splitext(settings_filename)[0]
# Strip $py for Jython compiled files (like settings$py.class)
if settings_name.endswith("$py"):
settings_name = settings_name[:-3]
# Set DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE appropriately.
if original_settings_path:
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = original_settings_path
else:
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = '%s.%s' % (project_name, settings_name)
# Import the project module. We add the parent directory to PYTHONPATH to
# avoid some of the path errors new users can have.
sys.path.append(os.path.join(project_directory, os.pardir))
project_module = import_module(project_name)
sys.path.pop()
return project_directory
def execute_from_command_line(argv=None):
"""
A simple method that runs a ManagementUtility.
"""
utility = ManagementUtility(argv)
utility.execute()
def execute_manager(settings_mod, argv=None):
"""
Like execute_from_command_line(), but for use by manage.py, a
project-specific django-admin.py utility.
"""
setup_environ(settings_mod)
utility = ManagementUtility(argv)
utility.execute()
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