"""An FTP client class and some helper functions.
Based on RFC 959: File Transfer Protocol
(FTP), by J. Postel and J. Reynolds
Example:
>>> from ftplib import FTP
>>> ftp = FTP('ftp.python.org') # connect to host, default port
>>> ftp.login() # default, i.e.: user anonymous, passwd user@hostname
'230 Guest login ok, access restrictions apply.'
>>> ftp.retrlines('LIST') # list directory contents
total 9
drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 etc
d-wxrwxr-x 2 ftp wheel 1024 Sep 5 13:43 incoming
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 1024 Nov 17 1993 lib
drwxr-xr-x 6 1094 wheel 1024 Sep 13 19:07 pub
drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 1024 Jan 3 1994 usr
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 312 Aug 1 1994 welcome.msg
'226 Transfer complete.'
>>> ftp.quit()
'221 Goodbye.'
>>>
A nice test that reveals some of the network dialogue would be:
python ftplib.py -d localhost -l -p -l
"""
#
# Changes and improvements suggested by Steve Majewski.
# Modified by Jack to work on the mac.
# Modified by Siebren to support docstrings and PASV.
#
import os
import sys
import string
# Import SOCKS module if it exists, else standard socket module socket
try:
import SOCKS; socket = SOCKS
except ImportError:
import socket
# Magic number from <socket.h>
MSG_OOB = 0x1 # Process data out of band
# The standard FTP server control port
FTP_PORT = 21
# Exception raised when an error or invalid response is received
error_reply = 'ftplib.error_reply' # unexpected [123]xx reply
error_temp = 'ftplib.error_temp' # 4xx errors
error_perm = 'ftplib.error_perm' # 5xx errors
error_proto = 'ftplib.error_proto' # response does not begin with [1-5]
# All exceptions (hopefully) that may be raised here and that aren't
# (always) programming errors on our side
all_errors = (error_reply, error_temp, error_perm, error_proto, \
socket.error, IOError, EOFError)
# Line terminators (we always output CRLF, but accept any of CRLF, CR, LF)
CRLF = '\r\n'
# The class itself
class FTP:
'''An FTP client class.
To create a connection, call the class using these argument:
host, user, passwd, acct
These are all strings, and have default value ''.
Then use self.connect() with optional host and port argument.
To download a file, use ftp.retrlines('RETR ' + filename),
or ftp.retrbinary() with slightly different arguments.
To upload a file, use ftp.storlines() or ftp.storbinary(),
which have an open file as argument (see their definitions
below for details).
The download/upload functions first issue appropriate TYPE
and PORT or PASV commands.
'''
# Initialization method (called by class instantiation).
# Initialize host to localhost, port to standard ftp port
# Optional arguments are host (for connect()),
# and user, passwd, acct (for login())
def __init__(self, host = '', user = '', passwd = '', acct = ''):
# Initialize the instance to something mostly harmless
self.debugging = 0
self.host = ''
self.port = FTP_PORT
self.sock = None
self.file = None
self.welcome = None
resp = None
if host:
resp = self.connect(host)
if user: resp = self.login(user, passwd, acct)
def connect(self, host = '', port = 0):
'''Connect to host. Arguments are:
- host: hostname to connect to (string, default previous host)
- port: port to connect to (integer, default previous port)'''
if host: self.host = host
if port: self.port = port
self.passiveserver = 0
self.sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.sock.connect(self.host, self.port)
self.file = self.sock.makefile('rb')
self.welcome = self.getresp()
return self.welcome
def getwelcome(self):
'''Get the welcome message from theserver. import
(this is read and squirreled away by connect())'''
if self.debugging:
print '*welcome*', self.sanitize(self.welcome)
return self.welcome
def set_debuglevel(self, level):
'''Set the debugging level.
The required argument level means:
0: no debugging output (default)
1: print commands and responses but not body text etc.
2: also print raw lines read and sent before stripping CR/LF'''
self.debugging = level
debug = set_debuglevel
def set_pasv(self, val):
'''Use passive or active mode for data transfers.
With a false argument, use the normal PORT mode,
With a true argument, use the PASV command.'''
self.passiveserver = val
# Internal: "sanitize" a string for printing
def sanitize(self, s):
if s[:5] == 'pass ' or s[:5] == 'PASS ':
i = len(s)
while i > 5 and s[i-1] in '\r\n':
i = i-1
s = s[:5] + '*'*(i-5) + s[i:]
return `s`
# Internal: send one line to the server, appending CRLF
def putline(self, line):
line = line + CRLF
if self.debugging > 1: print '*put*', self.sanitize(line)
self.sock.send(line)
# Internal: send one command to the server (through putline())
def putcmd(self, line):
if self.debugging: print '*cmd*', self.sanitize(line)
self.putline(line)
# Internal: return one line from the server, stripping CRLF.
# Raise EOFError if the connection is closed
def getline(self):
line = self.file.readline()
if self.debugging > 1:
print '*get*', self.sanitize(line)
if not line: raise EOFError
if line[-2:] == CRLF: line = line[:-2]
elif line[-1:] in CRLF: line = line[:-1]
return line
# Internal: get a response from the server, which may possibly
# consist of multiple lines. Return a single string with no
# trailing CRLF. If the response consists of multiple lines,
# these are separated by '\n' characters in the string
def getmultiline(self):
line = self.getline()
if line[3:4] == '-':
code = line[:3]
while 1:
nextline = self.getline()
line = line + ('\n' + nextline)
if nextline[:3] == code and \
nextline[3:4] <> '-':
break
return line
# Internal: get a response from the server.
# Raise various errors if the response indicates an error
def getresp(self):
resp = self.getmultiline()
if self.debugging: print '*resp*', self.sanitize(resp)
self.lastresp = resp[:3]
c = resp[:1]
if c == '4':
raise error_temp, resp
if c == '5':
raise error_perm, resp
if c not in '123':
raise error_proto, resp
return resp
def voidresp(self):
"""Expect a response beginning with '2'."""
resp = self.getresp()
if resp[0] <> '2':
raise error_reply, resp
return resp
def abort(self):
'''Abort a file transfer. Uses out-of-band data.
This does not follow the procedure from theRFCtosendTelnet import
IP and Synch; that doesn't seem to work with the servers I've
tried. Instead, just send the ABOR command as OOB data.'''
line = 'ABOR' + CRLF
if self.debugging > 1: print '*put urgent*', self.sanitize(line)
self.sock.send(line, MSG_OOB)
resp = self.getmultiline()
if resp[:3] not in ('426', '226'):
raise error_proto, resp
def sendcmd(self, cmd):
'''Send a command and return the response.'''
self.putcmd(cmd)
return self.getresp()
def voidcmd(self, cmd):
"""Send a command and expect a response beginning with '2'."""
self.putcmd(cmd)
return self.voidresp()
def sendport(self, host, port):
'''Send a PORT command with the current host and the given port number.'''
hbytes = string.splitfields(host, '.')
pbytes = [`port/256`, `port%256`]
bytes = hbytes + pbytes
cmd = 'PORT ' + string.joinfields(bytes, ',')
return self.voidcmd(cmd)
def makeport(self):
'''Create a new socket and send a PORT command for it.'''
global nextport
sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
sock.bind(('', 0))
sock.listen(1)
dummyhost, port = sock.getsockname() # Get proper port
host, dummyport = self.sock.getsockname() # Get proper host
resp = self.sendport(host, port)
return sock
def ntransfercmd(self, cmd):
'''Initiate a transfer over the data connection.
If the transfer is active, send a port command and
the transfer command, and accept the connection.
If the server is passive, send a pasv command, connect
to it, and start the transfer command.
Either way, return the socket for the connection and
the expected size of the transfer. The expected size
may be None if it could not be determined.'''
size = None
if self.passiveserver:
host, port = parse227(self.sendcmd('PASV'))
conn = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
conn.connect(host, port)
resp = self.sendcmd(cmd)
if resp[0] <> '1':
raise error_reply, resp
else:
sock = self.makeport()
resp = self.sendcmd(cmd)
if resp[0] <> '1':
raise error_reply, resp
conn, sockaddr = sock.accept()
if resp[:3] == '150':
# this is conditional in case we received a 125
size = parse150(resp)
return conn, size
def transfercmd(self, cmd):
'''Initiate a transfer over the data connection. Returns
the socket for the connection. See also ntransfercmd().'''
return self.ntransfercmd(cmd)[0]
def login(self, user = '', passwd = '', acct = ''):
'''Login, default anonymous.'''
if not user: user = 'anonymous'
if not passwd: passwd = ''
if not acct: acct = ''
if user == 'anonymous' and passwd in ('', '-'):
thishost = socket.gethostname()
# Make sure it is fully qualified
if not '.' in thishost:
thisaddr = socket.gethostbyname(thishost)
firstname, names, unused = \
socket.gethostbyaddr(thisaddr)
names.insert(0, firstname)
for name in names:
if '.' in name:
thishost = name
break
try:
if os.environ.has_key('LOGNAME'):
realuser = os.environ['LOGNAME']
elif os.environ.has_key('USER'):
realuser = os.environ['USER']
else:
realuser = 'anonymous'
except AttributeError:
# Not all systems have os.environ....
realuser = 'anonymous'
passwd = passwd + realuser + '@' + thishost
resp = self.sendcmd('USER ' + user)
if resp[0] == '3': resp = self.sendcmd('PASS ' + passwd)
if resp[0] == '3': resp = self.sendcmd('ACCT ' + acct)
if resp[0] <> '2':
raise error_reply, resp
return resp
def retrbinary(self, cmd, callback, blocksize=8192):
'''Retrieve data in binary mode.
The argument is a RETR command.
The callback function is called for each block.
This creates a new port for you'''
self.voidcmd('TYPE I')
conn = self.transfercmd(cmd)
while 1:
data = conn.recv(blocksize)
if not data:
break
callback(data)
conn.close()
return self.voidresp()
def retrlines(self, cmd, callback = None):
'''Retrieve data in line mode.
The argument is a RETR or LIST command.
The callback function (2nd argument) is called for each line,
with trailing CRLF stripped. This creates a new port for you.
print_line() is the default callback.'''
if not callback: callback = print_line
resp = self.sendcmd('TYPE A')
conn = self.transfercmd(cmd)
fp = conn.makefile('rb')
while 1:
line = fp.readline()
if self.debugging > 2: print '*retr*', `line`
if not line:
break
if line[-2:] == CRLF:
line = line[:-2]
elif line[-1:] == '\n':
line = line[:-1]
callback(line)
fp.close()
conn.close()
return self.voidresp()
def storbinary(self, cmd, fp, blocksize):
'''Store a file in binary mode.'''
self.voidcmd('TYPE I')
conn = self.transfercmd(cmd)
while 1:
buf = fp.read(blocksize)
if not buf: break
conn.send(buf)
conn.close()
return self.voidresp()
def storlines(self, cmd, fp):
'''Store a file in line mode.'''
self.voidcmd('TYPE A')
conn = self.transfercmd(cmd)
while 1:
buf = fp.readline()
if not buf: break
if buf[-2:] <> CRLF:
if buf[-1] in CRLF: buf = buf[:-1]
buf = buf + CRLF
conn.send(buf)
conn.close()
return self.voidresp()
def acct(self, password):
'''Send new account name.'''
cmd = 'ACCT ' + password
return self.voidcmd(cmd)
def nlst(self, *args):
'''Return a list of files in a given directory (default the current).'''
cmd = 'NLST'
for arg in args:
cmd = cmd + (' ' + arg)
files = []
self.retrlines(cmd, files.append)
return files
def dir(self, *args):
'''List a directory in long form.
By default list current directory to stdout.
Optional last argument is callback function; all
non-empty arguments before it are concatenated to the
LIST command. (This *should* only be used for a pathname.)'''
cmd = 'LIST'
func = None
if args[-1:] and type(args[-1]) != type(''):
args, func = args[:-1], args[-1]
for arg in args:
if arg:
cmd = cmd + (' ' + arg)
self.retrlines(cmd, func)
def rename(self, fromname, toname):
'''Rename a file.'''
resp = self.sendcmd('RNFR ' + fromname)
if resp[0] <> '3':
raise error_reply, resp
return self.voidcmd('RNTO ' + toname)
def delete(self, filename):
'''Delete a file.'''
resp = self.sendcmd('DELE ' + filename)
if resp[:3] in ('250', '200'):
return resp
elif resp[:1] == '5':
raise error_perm, resp
else:
raise error_reply, resp
def cwd(self, dirname):
'''Change to a directory.'''
if dirname == '..':
try:
return self.voidcmd('CDUP')
except error_perm, msg:
if msg[:3] != '500':
raise error_perm, msg
elif dirname == '':
dirname = '.' # does nothing, but could return error
cmd = 'CWD ' + dirname
return self.voidcmd(cmd)
def size(self, filename):
'''Retrieve the size of a file.'''
# Note that the RFC doesn't say anything about 'SIZE'
resp = self.sendcmd('SIZE ' + filename)
if resp[:3] == '213':
return string.atoi(string.strip(resp[3:]))
def mkd(self, dirname):
'''Make a directory, return its full pathname.'''
resp = self.sendcmd('MKD ' + dirname)
return parse257(resp)
def rmd(self, dirname):
'''Remove a directory.'''
return self.voidcmd('RMD ' + dirname)
def pwd(self):
'''Return current working directory.'''
resp = self.sendcmd('PWD')
return parse257(resp)
def quit(self):
'''Quit, and close the connection.'''
resp = self.voidcmd('QUIT')
self.close()
return resp
def close(self):
'''Close the connection without assuming anything about it.'''
self.file.close()
self.sock.close()
del self.file, self.sock
_150_re = None
def parse150(resp):
'''Parse the '150' response for a RETR request.
Returns the expected transfer size or None; size is not guaranteed to
be present in the 150 message.
'''
if resp[:3] != '150':
raise error_reply, resp
global _150_re
if _150_re is None:
import re
_150_re = re.compile("150 .* \((\d+) bytes\)", re.IGNORECASE)
m = _150_re.match(resp)
if m:
return string.atoi(m.group(1))
return None
def parse227(resp):
'''Parse the '227' response for a PASV request.
Raises error_proto if it does not contain '(h1,h2,h3,h4,p1,p2)'
Return ('host.addr.as.numbers', port#) tuple.'''
if resp[:3] <> '227':
raise error_reply, resp
left = string.find(resp, '(')
if left < 0: raise error_proto, resp
right = string.find(resp, ')', left + 1)
if right < 0:
raise error_proto, resp # should contain '(h1,h2,h3,h4,p1,p2)'
numbers = string.split(resp[left+1:right], ',')
if len(numbers) <> 6:
raise error_proto, resp
host = string.join(numbers[:4], '.')
port = (string.atoi(numbers[4]) << 8) + string.atoi(numbers[5])
return host, port
def parse257(resp):
'''Parse the '257' response for a MKD or PWD request.
This is a response to a MKD or PWD request: a directory name.
Returns the directoryname in the 257 reply.'''
if resp[:3] <> '257':
raise error_reply, resp
if resp[3:5] <> ' "':
return '' # Not compliant to RFC 959, but UNIX ftpd does this
dirname = ''
i = 5
n = len(resp)
while i < n:
c = resp[i]
i = i+1
if c == '"':
if i >= n or resp[i] <> '"':
break
i = i+1
dirname = dirname + c
return dirname
def print_line(line):
'''Default retrlines callback to print a line.'''
print line
def ftpcp(source, sourcename, target, targetname = '', type = 'I'):
'''Copy file from one FTP-instance to another.'''
if not targetname: targetname = sourcename
type = 'TYPE ' + type
source.voidcmd(type)
target.voidcmd(type)
sourcehost, sourceport = parse227(source.sendcmd('PASV'))
target.sendport(sourcehost, sourceport)
# RFC 959: the user must "listen" [...] BEFORE sending the
# transfer request.
# So: STOR before RETR, because here the target is a "user".
treply = target.sendcmd('STOR ' + targetname)
if treply[:3] not in ('125', '150'): raise error_proto # RFC 959
sreply = source.sendcmd('RETR ' + sourcename)
if sreply[:3] not in ('125', '150'): raise error_proto # RFC 959
source.voidresp()
target.voidresp()
class Netrc:
"""Class to parse & provide access to 'netrc' format files.
See the netrc(4) man page for information on the file format.
WARNING: This class is obsolete -- use module netrc instead.
"""
__defuser = None
__defpasswd = None
__defacct = None
def __init__(self, filename=None):
if not filename:
if os.environ.has_key("HOME"):
filename = os.path.join(os.environ["HOME"],
".netrc")
else:
raise IOError, \
"specify file to load or set $HOME"
self.__hosts = {}
self.__macros = {}
fp = open(filename, "r")
in_macro = 0
while 1:
line = fp.readline()
if not line: break
if in_macro and string.strip(line):
macro_lines.append(line)
continue
elif in_macro:
self.__macros[macro_name] = tuple(macro_lines)
in_macro = 0
words = string.split(line)
host = user = passwd = acct = None
default = 0
i = 0
while i < len(words):
w1 = words[i]
if i+1 < len(words):
w2 = words[i + 1]
else:
w2 = None
if w1 == 'default':
default = 1
elif w1 == 'machine' and w2:
host = string.lower(w2)
i = i + 1
elif w1 == 'login' and w2:
user = w2
i = i + 1
elif w1 == 'password' and w2:
passwd = w2
i = i + 1
elif w1 == 'account' and w2:
acct = w2
i = i + 1
elif w1 == 'macdef' and w2:
macro_name = w2
macro_lines = []
in_macro = 1
break
i = i + 1
if default:
self.__defuser = user or self.__defuser
self.__defpasswd = passwd or self.__defpasswd
self.__defacct = acct or self.__defacct
if host:
if self.__hosts.has_key(host):
ouser, opasswd, oacct = \
self.__hosts[host]
user = user or ouser
passwd = passwd or opasswd
acct = acct or oacct
self.__hosts[host] = user, passwd, acct
fp.close()
def get_hosts(self):
"""Return a list of hosts mentioned in the .netrc file."""
return self.__hosts.keys()
def get_account(self, host):
"""Returns login information for the named host.
The return value is a triple containing userid,
password, and the accounting field.
"""
host = string.lower(host)
user = passwd = acct = None
if self.__hosts.has_key(host):
user, passwd, acct = self.__hosts[host]
user = user or self.__defuser
passwd = passwd or self.__defpasswd
acct = acct or self.__defacct
return user, passwd, acct
def get_macros(self):
"""Return a list of all defined macro names."""
return self.__macros.keys()
def get_macro(self, macro):
"""Return a sequence of lines which define a named macro."""
return self.__macros[macro]
def test():
'''Test program.
Usage: ftp [-d] [-r[file]] host [-l[dir]] [-d[dir]] [-p] [file] ...'''
debugging = 0
rcfile = None
while sys.argv[1] == '-d':
debugging = debugging+1
del sys.argv[1]
if sys.argv[1][:2] == '-r':
# get name of alternate ~/.netrc file:
rcfile = sys.argv[1][2:]
del sys.argv[1]
host = sys.argv[1]
ftp = FTP(host)
ftp.set_debuglevel(debugging)
userid = passwd = acct = ''
try:
netrc = Netrc(rcfile)
except IOError:
if rcfile is not None:
sys.stderr.write("Could not open account file"
" -- using anonymous login.")
else:
try:
userid, passwd, acct = netrc.get_account(host)
except KeyError:
# no account for host
sys.stderr.write(
"No account -- using anonymous login.")
ftp.login(userid, passwd, acct)
for file in sys.argv[2:]:
if file[:2] == '-l':
ftp.dir(file[2:])
elif file[:2] == '-d':
cmd = 'CWD'
if file[2:]: cmd = cmd + ' ' + file[2:]
resp = ftp.sendcmd(cmd)
elif file == '-p':
ftp.set_pasv(not ftp.passiveserver)
else:
ftp.retrbinary('RETR ' + file, \
sys.stdout.write, 1024)
ftp.quit()
if __name__ == '__main__':
test()
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