"""
Utility function to facilitate testing.
"""
import os
import sys
import re
import operator
import types
import warnings
from nosetester import import_nose
__all__ = ['assert_equal', 'assert_almost_equal','assert_approx_equal',
'assert_array_equal', 'assert_array_less', 'assert_string_equal',
'assert_array_almost_equal', 'assert_raises', 'build_err_msg',
'decorate_methods', 'jiffies', 'memusage', 'print_assert_equal',
'raises', 'rand', 'rundocs', 'runstring', 'verbose', 'measure',
'assert_', 'assert_array_almost_equal_nulp',
'assert_array_max_ulp', 'assert_warns']
verbose = 0
def assert_(val, msg='') :
"""
Assert that works in release mode.
The Python built-in ``assert`` does not work when executing code in
optimized mode (the ``-O`` flag) - no byte-code is generated for it.
For documentation on usage, refer to the Python documentation.
"""
if not val :
raise AssertionError(msg)
def gisnan(x):
"""like isnan, but always raise an error if type not supported instead of
returning a TypeError object.
Notes
-----
isnan and other ufunc sometimes return a NotImplementedType object instead
of raising any exception. This function is a wrapper to make sure an
exception is always raised.
This should be removed once this problem is solved at the Ufunc level."""
from numpy.core import isnan
st = isnan(x)
if isinstance(st, types.NotImplementedType):
raise TypeError("isnan not supported for this type")
return st
def gisfinite(x):
"""like isfinite, but always raise an error if type not supported instead of
returning a TypeError object.
Notes
-----
isfinite and other ufunc sometimes return a NotImplementedType object instead
of raising any exception. This function is a wrapper to make sure an
exception is always raised.
This should be removed once this problem is solved at the Ufunc level."""
from numpy.core import isfinite,seterr
err = seterr(invalid='ignore')
try:
st = isfinite(x)
if isinstance(st, types.NotImplementedType):
raise TypeError("isfinite not supported for this type")
finally:
seterr(**err)
return st
def gisinf(x):
"""like isinf, but always raise an error if type not supported instead of
returning a TypeError object.
Notes
-----
isinf and other ufunc sometimes return a NotImplementedType object instead
of raising any exception. This function is a wrapper to make sure an
exception is always raised.
This should be removed once this problem is solved at the Ufunc level."""
from numpy.core import isinf,seterr
err = seterr(invalid='ignore')
try:
st = isinf(x)
if isinstance(st, types.NotImplementedType):
raise TypeError("isinf not supported for this type")
finally:
seterr(**err)
return st
def rand(*args):
"""Returns an array of random numbers with the given shape.
This only uses the standard library, so it is useful for testing purposes.
"""
import random
from numpy.core import zeros,float64
results = zeros(args, float64)
f = results.flat
for i in range(len(f)):
f[i] = random.random()
return results
if sys.platform[:5]=='linux':
def jiffies(_proc_pid_stat = '/proc/%s/stat'%(os.getpid()),
_load_time=[]):
""" Return number of jiffies (1/100ths of a second) that this
process has been scheduled in user mode. See man 5 proc. """
import time
if not _load_time:
_load_time.append(time.time())
try:
f=open(_proc_pid_stat,'r')
l = f.readline().split(' ')
f.close()
return int(l[13])
except:
return int(100*(time.time()-_load_time[0]))
def memusage(_proc_pid_stat = '/proc/%s/stat'%(os.getpid())):
""" Return virtual memory size in bytes of the running python.
"""
try:
f=open(_proc_pid_stat,'r')
l = f.readline().split(' ')
f.close()
return int(l[22])
except:
return
else:
# os.getpid is not in all platforms available.
# Using time is safe but inaccurate, especially when process
# was suspended or sleeping.
def jiffies(_load_time=[]):
""" Return number of jiffies (1/100ths of a second) that this
process has been scheduled in user mode. [Emulation with time.time]. """
import time
if not _load_time:
_load_time.append(time.time())
return int(100*(time.time()-_load_time[0]))
def memusage():
""" Return memory usage of running python. [Not implemented]"""
raise NotImplementedError
if os.name=='nt' and sys.version[:3] > '2.3':
# Code "stolen" from enthought/debug/memusage.py
def GetPerformanceAttributes(object, counter, instance = None,
inum=-1, format = None, machine=None):
# NOTE: Many counters require 2 samples to give accurate results,
# including "% Processor Time" (as by definition, at any instant, a
# thread's CPU usage is either 0 or 100). To read counters like this,
# you should copy this function, but keep the counter open, and call
# CollectQueryData() each time you need to know.
# See http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnperfmo/html/perfmonpt2.asp
# My older explanation for this was that the "AddCounter" process forced
# the CPU to 100%, but the above makes more sense :)
import win32pdh
if format is None: format = win32pdh.PDH_FMT_LONG
path = win32pdh.MakeCounterPath( (machine,object,instance, None, inum,counter) )
hq = win32pdh.OpenQuery()
try:
hc = win32pdh.AddCounter(hq, path)
try:
win32pdh.CollectQueryData(hq)
type, val = win32pdh.GetFormattedCounterValue(hc, format)
return val
finally:
win32pdh.RemoveCounter(hc)
finally:
win32pdh.CloseQuery(hq)
def memusage(processName="python", instance=0):
# from win32pdhutil, part of the win32all package
import win32pdh
return GetPerformanceAttributes("Process", "Virtual Bytes",
processName, instance,
win32pdh.PDH_FMT_LONG, None)
def build_err_msg(arrays, err_msg, header='Items are not equal:',
verbose=True,
names=('ACTUAL', 'DESIRED')):
msg = ['\n' + header]
if err_msg:
if err_msg.find('\n') == -1 and len(err_msg) < 79-len(header):
msg = [msg[0] + ' ' + err_msg]
else:
msg.append(err_msg)
if verbose:
for i, a in enumerate(arrays):
try:
r = repr(a)
except:
r = '[repr failed]'
if r.count('\n') > 3:
r = '\n'.join(r.splitlines()[:3])
r += '...'
msg.append(' %s: %s' % (names[i], r))
return '\n'.join(msg)
def assert_equal(actual,desired,err_msg='',verbose=True):
"""
Raise an assertion if two objects are not equal.
Given two objects (lists, tuples, dictionaries or numpy arrays), check
that all elements of these objects are equal. An exception is raised at
the first conflicting values.
Parameters
----------
actual : list, tuple, dict or ndarray
The object to check.
desired : list, tuple, dict or ndarray
The expected object.
err_msg : string
The error message to be printed in case of failure.
verbose : bool
If True, the conflicting values are appended to the error message.
Raises
------
AssertionError
If actual and desired are not equal.
Examples
--------
>>> np.testing.assert_equal([4,5], [4,6])
...
<type 'exceptions.AssertionError'>:
Items are not equal:
item=1
ACTUAL: 5
DESIRED: 6
"""
if isinstance(desired, dict):
if not isinstance(actual, dict) :
raise AssertionError(repr(type(actual)))
assert_equal(len(actual),len(desired),err_msg,verbose)
for k,i in desired.items():
if k not in actual :
raise AssertionError(repr(k))
assert_equal(actual[k], desired[k], 'key=%r\n%s' % (k,err_msg), verbose)
return
if isinstance(desired, (list,tuple)) and isinstance(actual, (list,tuple)):
assert_equal(len(actual),len(desired),err_msg,verbose)
for k in range(len(desired)):
assert_equal(actual[k], desired[k], 'item=%r\n%s' % (k,err_msg), verbose)
return
from numpy.core import ndarray,isscalar,signbit
from numpy.lib import iscomplexobj,real,imag
if isinstance(actual, ndarray) or isinstance(desired, ndarray):
return assert_array_equal(actual, desired, err_msg, verbose)
msg = build_err_msg([actual, desired], err_msg, verbose=verbose)
# Handle complex numbers: separate into real/imag to handle
# nan/inf/negative zero correctly
# XXX: catch ValueError for subclasses of ndarray where iscomplex fail
try:
usecomplex = iscomplexobj(actual) or iscomplexobj(desired)
except ValueError:
usecomplex = False
if usecomplex:
if iscomplexobj(actual):
actualr = real(actual)
actuali = imag(actual)
else:
actualr = actual
actuali = 0
if iscomplexobj(desired):
desiredr = real(desired)
desiredi = imag(desired)
else:
desiredr = desired
desiredi = 0
try:
assert_equal(actualr, desiredr)
assert_equal(actuali, desiredi)
except AssertionError:
raise AssertionError(msg)
# Inf/nan/negative zero handling
try:
# isscalar test to check cases such as [np.nan] != np.nan
if isscalar(desired) != isscalar(actual):
raise AssertionError(msg)
# If one of desired/actual is not finite, handle it specially here:
# check that both are nan if any is a nan, and test for equality
# otherwise
if not (gisfinite(desired) and gisfinite(actual)):
isdesnan = gisnan(desired)
isactnan = gisnan(actual)
if isdesnan or isactnan:
if not (isdesnan and isactnan):
raise AssertionError(msg)
else:
if not desired == actual:
raise AssertionError(msg)
return
elif desired == 0 and actual == 0:
if not signbit(desired) == signbit(actual):
raise AssertionError(msg)
# If TypeError or ValueError raised while using isnan and co, just handle
# as before
except (TypeError, ValueError, NotImplementedError):
pass
if desired != actual :
raise AssertionError(msg)
def print_assert_equal(test_string,actual,desired):
"""
Test if two objects are equal, and print an error message if test fails.
The test is performed with ``actual == desired``.
Parameters
----------
test_string : str
The message supplied to AssertionError.
actual : object
The object to test for equality against `desired`.
desired : object
The expected result.
Examples
--------
>>> np.testing.print_assert_equal('Test XYZ of func xyz', [0, 1], [0, 1])
>>> np.testing.print_assert_equal('Test XYZ of func xyz', [0, 1], [0, 2])
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
AssertionError: Test XYZ of func xyz failed
ACTUAL:
[0, 1]
DESIRED:
[0, 2]
"""
import pprint
try:
assert(actual == desired)
except AssertionError:
import cStringIO
msg = cStringIO.StringIO()
msg.write(test_string)
msg.write(' failed\nACTUAL: \n')
pprint.pprint(actual,msg)
msg.write('DESIRED: \n')
pprint.pprint(desired,msg)
raise AssertionError(msg.getvalue())
def assert_almost_equal(actual,desired,decimal=7,err_msg='',verbose=True):
"""
Raise an assertion if two items are not equal up to desired precision.
The test is equivalent to abs(desired-actual) < 0.5 * 10**(-decimal)
Given two objects (numbers or ndarrays), check that all elements of these
objects are almost equal. An exception is raised at conflicting values.
For ndarrays this delegates to assert_array_almost_equal
Parameters
----------
actual : number or ndarray
The object to check.
desired : number or ndarray
The expected object.
decimal : integer (decimal=7)
desired precision
err_msg : string
The error message to be printed in case of failure.
verbose : bool
If True, the conflicting values are appended to the error message.
Raises
------
AssertionError
If actual and desired are not equal up to specified precision.
See Also
--------
assert_array_almost_equal: compares array_like objects
assert_equal: tests objects for equality
Examples
--------
>>> import numpy.testing as npt
>>> npt.assert_almost_equal(2.3333333333333, 2.33333334)
>>> npt.assert_almost_equal(2.3333333333333, 2.33333334, decimal=10)
...
<type 'exceptions.AssertionError'>:
Items are not equal:
ACTUAL: 2.3333333333333002
DESIRED: 2.3333333399999998
>>> npt.assert_almost_equal(np.array([1.0,2.3333333333333]),
\t\t\tnp.array([1.0,2.33333334]), decimal=9)
...
<type 'exceptions.AssertionError'>:
Arrays are not almost equal
<BLANKLINE>
(mismatch 50.0%)
x: array([ 1. , 2.33333333])
y: array([ 1. , 2.33333334])
"""
from numpy.core import ndarray
from numpy.lib import iscomplexobj,real,imag
# Handle complex numbers: separate into real/imag to handle
# nan/inf/negative zero correctly
# XXX: catch ValueError for subclasses of ndarray where iscomplex fail
try:
usecomplex = iscomplexobj(actual) or iscomplexobj(desired)
except ValueError:
usecomplex = False
msg = build_err_msg([actual, desired], err_msg, verbose=verbose,
header='Arrays are not almost equal')
if usecomplex:
if iscomplexobj(actual):
actualr = real(actual)
actuali = imag(actual)
else:
actualr = actual
actuali = 0
if iscomplexobj(desired):
desiredr = real(desired)
desiredi = imag(desired)
else:
desiredr = desired
desiredi = 0
try:
assert_almost_equal(actualr, desiredr, decimal=decimal)
assert_almost_equal(actuali, desiredi, decimal=decimal)
except AssertionError:
raise AssertionError(msg)
if isinstance(actual, (ndarray, tuple, list)) \
or isinstance(desired, (ndarray, tuple, list)):
return assert_array_almost_equal(actual, desired, decimal, err_msg)
try:
# If one of desired/actual is not finite, handle it specially here:
# check that both are nan if any is a nan, and test for equality
# otherwise
if not (gisfinite(desired) and gisfinite(actual)):
if gisnan(desired) or gisnan(actual):
if not (gisnan(desired) and gisnan(actual)):
raise AssertionError(msg)
else:
if not desired == actual:
raise AssertionError(msg)
return
except (NotImplementedError, TypeError):
pass
if round(abs(desired - actual),decimal) != 0 :
raise AssertionError(msg)
def assert_approx_equal(actual,desired,significant=7,err_msg='',verbose=True):
"""
Raise an assertion if two items are not equal up to significant digits.
Given two numbers, check that they are approximately equal.
Approximately equal is defined as the number of significant digits
that agree.
Parameters
----------
actual : number
The object to check.
desired : number
The expected object.
significant : integer (significant=7)
desired precision
err_msg : string
The error message to be printed in case of failure.
verbose : bool
If True, the conflicting values are appended to the error message.
Raises
------
AssertionError
If actual and desired are not equal up to specified precision.
See Also
--------
assert_almost_equal: compares objects by decimals
assert_array_almost_equal: compares array_like objects by decimals
assert_equal: tests objects for equality
Examples
--------
>>> np.testing.assert_approx_equal(0.12345677777777e-20, 0.1234567e-20)
>>> np.testing.assert_approx_equal(0.12345670e-20, 0.12345671e-20,
significant=8)
>>> np.testing.assert_approx_equal(0.12345670e-20, 0.12345672e-20,
significant=8)
...
<type 'exceptions.AssertionError'>:
Items are not equal to 8 significant digits:
ACTUAL: 1.234567e-021
DESIRED: 1.2345672000000001e-021
the evaluated condition that raises the exception is
>>> abs(0.12345670e-20/1e-21 - 0.12345672e-20/1e-21) >= 10**-(8-1)
True
"""
import numpy as np
actual, desired = map(float, (actual, desired))
if desired==actual:
return
# Normalized the numbers to be in range (-10.0,10.0)
# scale = float(pow(10,math.floor(math.log10(0.5*(abs(desired)+abs(actual))))))
err = np.seterr(invalid='ignore')
try:
scale = 0.5*(np.abs(desired) + np.abs(actual))
scale = np.power(10,np.floor(np.log10(scale)))
finally:
np.seterr(**err)
try:
sc_desired = desired/scale
except ZeroDivisionError:
sc_desired = 0.0
try:
sc_actual = actual/scale
except ZeroDivisionError:
sc_actual = 0.0
msg = build_err_msg([actual, desired], err_msg,
header='Items are not equal to %d significant digits:' %
significant,
verbose=verbose)
try:
# If one of desired/actual is not finite, handle it specially here:
# check that both are nan if any is a nan, and test for equality
# otherwise
if not (gisfinite(desired) and gisfinite(actual)):
if gisnan(desired) or gisnan(actual):
if not (gisnan(desired) and gisnan(actual)):
raise AssertionError(msg)
else:
if not desired == actual:
raise AssertionError(msg)
return
except (TypeError, NotImplementedError):
pass
if np.abs(sc_desired - sc_actual) >= np.power(10.,-(significant-1)) :
raise AssertionError(msg)
def assert_array_compare(comparison, x, y, err_msg='', verbose=True,
header=''):
from numpy.core import array,isnan,any
x = array(x, copy=False, subok=True)
y = array(y, copy=False, subok=True)
def isnumber(x):
return x.dtype.char in '?bhilqpBHILQPfdgFDG'
try:
cond = (x.shape==() or y.shape==()) or x.shape == y.shape
if not cond:
msg = build_err_msg([x, y],
err_msg
+ '\n(shapes %s, %s mismatch)' % (x.shape,
y.shape),
verbose=verbose, header=header,
names=('x', 'y'))
if not cond :
raise AssertionError(msg)
if (isnumber(x) and isnumber(y)) and (any(isnan(x)) or any(isnan(y))):
# Handling nan: we first check that x and y have the nan at the
# same locations, and then we mask the nan and do the comparison as
# usual.
xnanid = isnan(x)
ynanid = isnan(y)
try:
assert_array_equal(xnanid, ynanid)
except AssertionError:
msg = build_err_msg([x, y],
err_msg
+ '\n(x and y nan location mismatch %s, ' \
'%s mismatch)' % (xnanid, ynanid),
verbose=verbose, header=header,
names=('x', 'y'))
raise AssertionError(msg)
# If only one item, it was a nan, so just return
if x.size == y.size == 1:
return
val = comparison(x[~xnanid], y[~ynanid])
else:
val = comparison(x,y)
if isinstance(val, bool):
cond = val
reduced = [0]
else:
reduced = val.ravel()
cond = reduced.all()
reduced = reduced.tolist()
if not cond:
match = 100-100.0*reduced.count(1)/len(reduced)
msg = build_err_msg([x, y],
err_msg
+ '\n(mismatch %s%%)' % (match,),
verbose=verbose, header=header,
names=('x', 'y'))
if not cond :
raise AssertionError(msg)
except ValueError:
msg = build_err_msg([x, y], err_msg, verbose=verbose, header=header,
names=('x', 'y'))
raise ValueError(msg)
def assert_array_equal(x, y, err_msg='', verbose=True):
"""
Raise an assertion if two array_like objects are not equal.
Given two array_like objects, check that the shape is equal and all
elements of these objects are equal. An exception is raised at
shape mismatch or conflicting values. In contrast to the standard usage
in numpy, NaNs are compared like numbers, no assertion is raised if
both objects have NaNs in the same positions.
The usual caution for verifying equality with floating point numbers is
advised.
Parameters
----------
x : array_like
The actual object to check.
y : array_like
The desired, expected object.
err_msg : string
The error message to be printed in case of failure.
verbose : bool
If True, the conflicting values are appended to the error message.
Raises
------
AssertionError
If actual and desired objects are not equal.
See Also
--------
assert_array_almost_equal: test objects for equality up to precision
assert_equal: tests objects for equality
Examples
--------
the first assert does not raise an exception
>>> np.testing.assert_array_equal([1.0,2.33333,np.nan],
\t\t\t[np.exp(0),2.33333, np.nan])
assert fails with numerical inprecision with floats
>>> np.testing.assert_array_equal([1.0,np.pi,np.nan],
\t\t\t[1, np.sqrt(np.pi)**2, np.nan])
...
<type 'exceptions.ValueError'>:
AssertionError:
Arrays are not equal
<BLANKLINE>
(mismatch 50.0%)
x: array([ 1. , 3.14159265, NaN])
y: array([ 1. , 3.14159265, NaN])
use assert_array_almost_equal for these cases instead
>>> np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal([1.0,np.pi,np.nan],
\t\t\t[1, np.sqrt(np.pi)**2, np.nan], decimal=15)
"""
assert_array_compare(operator.__eq__, x, y, err_msg=err_msg,
verbose=verbose, header='Arrays are not equal')
def assert_array_almost_equal(x, y, decimal=6, err_msg='', verbose=True):
"""
Raise an assertion if two objects are not equal up to desired precision.
The test verifies identical shapes and verifies values with
abs(desired-actual) < 0.5 * 10**(-decimal)
Given two array_like objects, check that the shape is equal and all
elements of these objects are almost equal. An exception is raised at
shape mismatch or conflicting values. In contrast to the standard usage
in numpy, NaNs are compared like numbers, no assertion is raised if
both objects have NaNs in the same positions.
Parameters
----------
x : array_like
The actual object to check.
y : array_like
The desired, expected object.
decimal : integer (decimal=6)
desired precision
err_msg : string
The error message to be printed in case of failure.
verbose : bool
If True, the conflicting values are appended to the error message.
Raises
------
AssertionError
If actual and desired are not equal up to specified precision.
See Also
--------
assert_almost_equal: simple version for comparing numbers
assert_array_equal: tests objects for equality
Examples
--------
the first assert does not raise an exception
>>> np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal([1.0,2.333,np.nan],
[1.0,2.333,np.nan])
>>> np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal([1.0,2.33333,np.nan],
\t\t\t[1.0,2.33339,np.nan], decimal=5)
...
<type 'exceptions.AssertionError'>:
AssertionError:
Arrays are not almost equal
<BLANKLINE>
(mismatch 50.0%)
x: array([ 1. , 2.33333, NaN])
y: array([ 1. , 2.33339, NaN])
>>> np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal([1.0,2.33333,np.nan],
\t\t\t[1.0,2.33333, 5], decimal=5)
<type 'exceptions.ValueError'>:
ValueError:
Arrays are not almost equal
x: array([ 1. , 2.33333, NaN])
y: array([ 1. , 2.33333, 5. ])
"""
from numpy.core import around,number,float_
from numpy.core.numerictypes import issubdtype
from numpy.core.fromnumeric import any
def compare(x, y):
try:
if npany(gisinf(x)) or npany( gisinf(y)):
xinfid = gisinf(x)
yinfid = gisinf(y)
if not xinfid == yinfid:
return False
# if one item, x and y is +- inf
if x.size == y.size == 1:
return x == y
x = x[~xinfid]
y = y[~yinfid]
except (TypeError, NotImplementedError):
pass
z = abs(x-y)
if not issubdtype(z.dtype, number):
z = z.astype(float_) # handle object arrays
return around(z, decimal) <= 10.0**(-decimal)
assert_array_compare(compare, x, y, err_msg=err_msg, verbose=verbose,
header='Arrays are not almost equal')
def assert_array_less(x, y, err_msg='', verbose=True):
"""
Raise an assertion if two array_like objects are not ordered by less than.
Given two array_like objects, check that the shape is equal and all
elements of the first object are strictly smaller than those of the
second object. An exception is raised at shape mismatch or incorrectly
ordered values. Shape mismatch does not raise if an object has zero
dimension. In contrast to the standard usage in numpy, NaNs are
compared, no assertion is raised if both objects have NaNs in the same
positions.
Parameters
----------
x : array_like
The smaller object to check.
y : array_like
The larger object to compare.
err_msg : string
The error message to be printed in case of failure.
verbose : bool
If True, the conflicting values are appended to the error message.
Raises
------
AssertionError
If actual and desired objects are not equal.
See Also
--------
assert_array_equal: tests objects for equality
assert_array_almost_equal: test objects for equality up to precision
Examples
--------
>>> np.testing.assert_array_less([1.0, 1.0, np.nan], [1.1, 2.0, np.nan])
>>> np.testing.assert_array_less([1.0, 1.0, np.nan], [1, 2.0, np.nan])
...
<type 'exceptions.ValueError'>:
Arrays are not less-ordered
(mismatch 50.0%)
x: array([ 1., 1., NaN])
y: array([ 1., 2., NaN])
>>> np.testing.assert_array_less([1.0, 4.0], 3)
...
<type 'exceptions.ValueError'>:
Arrays are not less-ordered
(mismatch 50.0%)
x: array([ 1., 4.])
y: array(3)
>>> np.testing.assert_array_less([1.0, 2.0, 3.0], [4])
...
<type 'exceptions.ValueError'>:
Arrays are not less-ordered
(shapes (3,), (1,) mismatch)
x: array([ 1., 2., 3.])
y: array([4])
"""
assert_array_compare(operator.__lt__, x, y, err_msg=err_msg,
verbose=verbose,
header='Arrays are not less-ordered')
def runstring(astr, dict):
exec astr in dict
def assert_string_equal(actual, desired):
"""
Test if two strings are equal.
If the given strings are equal, `assert_string_equal` does nothing.
If they are not equal, an AssertionError is raised, and the diff
between the strings is shown.
Parameters
----------
actual : str
The string to test for equality against the expected string.
desired : str
The expected string.
Examples
--------
>>> np.testing.assert_string_equal('abc', 'abc')
>>> np.testing.assert_string_equal('abc', 'abcd')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
...
AssertionError: Differences in strings:
- abc+ abcd? +
"""
# delay import of difflib to reduce startup time
import difflib
if not isinstance(actual, str) :
raise AssertionError(`type(actual)`)
if not isinstance(desired, str):
raise AssertionError(`type(desired)`)
if re.match(r'\A'+desired+r'\Z', actual, re.M): return
diff = list(difflib.Differ().compare(actual.splitlines(1), desired.splitlines(1)))
diff_list = []
while diff:
d1 = diff.pop(0)
if d1.startswith(' '):
continue
if d1.startswith('- '):
l = [d1]
d2 = diff.pop(0)
if d2.startswith('? '):
l.append(d2)
d2 = diff.pop(0)
if not d2.startswith('+ ') :
raise AssertionError(`d2`)
l.append(d2)
d3 = diff.pop(0)
if d3.startswith('? '):
l.append(d3)
else:
diff.insert(0, d3)
if re.match(r'\A'+d2[2:]+r'\Z', d1[2:]):
continue
diff_list.extend(l)
continue
raise AssertionError(`d1`)
if not diff_list:
return
msg = 'Differences in strings:\n%s' % (''.join(diff_list)).rstrip()
if actual != desired :
raise AssertionError(msg)
def rundocs(filename=None, raise_on_error=True):
"""
Run doctests found in the given file.
By default `rundocs` raises an AssertionError on failure.
Parameters
----------
filename : str
The path to the file for which the doctests are run.
raise_on_error : bool
Whether to raise an AssertionError when a doctest fails. Default is
True.
Notes
-----
The doctests can be run by the user/developer by adding the ``doctests``
argument to the ``test()`` call. For example, to run all tests (including
doctests) for `numpy.lib`::
>>> np.lib.test(doctests=True)
"""
import doctest, imp
if filename is None:
f = sys._getframe(1)
filename = f.f_globals['__file__']
name = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(filename))[0]
path = [os.path.dirname(filename)]
file, pathname, description = imp.find_module(name, path)
try:
m = imp.load_module(name, file, pathname, description)
finally:
file.close()
tests = doctest.DocTestFinder().find(m)
runner = doctest.DocTestRunner(verbose=False)
msg = []
if raise_on_error:
out = lambda s: msg.append(s)
else:
out = None
for test in tests:
runner.run(test, out=out)
if runner.failures > 0 and raise_on_error:
raise AssertionError("Some doctests failed:\n%s" % "\n".join(msg))
def raises(*args,**kwargs):
nose = import_nose()
return nose.tools.raises(*args,**kwargs)
def assert_raises(*args,**kwargs):
"""
assert_raises(exception_class, callable, *args, **kwargs)
Fail unless an exception of class exception_class is thrown
by callable when invoked with arguments args and keyword
arguments kwargs. If a different type of exception is
thrown, it will not be caught, and the test case will be
deemed to have suffered an error, exactly as for an
unexpected exception.
"""
nose = import_nose()
return nose.tools.assert_raises(*args,**kwargs)
def decorate_methods(cls, decorator, testmatch=None):
"""
Apply a decorator to all methods in a class matching a regular expression.
The given decorator is applied to all public methods of `cls` that are
matched by the regular expression `testmatch`
(``testmatch.search(methodname)``). Methods that are private, i.e. start
with an underscore, are ignored.
Parameters
----------
cls : class
Class whose methods to decorate.
decorator : function
Decorator to apply to methods
testmatch : compiled regexp or str, optional
The regular expression. Default value is None, in which case the
nose default (``re.compile(r'(?:^|[\\b_\\.%s-])[Tt]est' % os.sep)``)
is used.
If `testmatch` is a string, it is compiled to a regular expression
first.
"""
if testmatch is None:
testmatch = re.compile(r'(?:^|[\\b_\\.%s-])[Tt]est' % os.sep)
else:
testmatch = re.compile(testmatch)
cls_attr = cls.__dict__
# delayed import to reduce startup time
from inspect import isfunction
methods = filter(isfunction, cls_attr.values())
for function in methods:
try:
if hasattr(function, 'compat_func_name'):
funcname = function.compat_func_name
else:
funcname = function.__name__
except AttributeError:
# not a function
continue
if testmatch.search(funcname) and not funcname.startswith('_'):
setattr(cls, funcname, decorator(function))
return
def measure(code_str,times=1,label=None):
"""
Return elapsed time for executing code in the namespace of the caller.
The supplied code string is compiled with the Python builtin ``compile``.
The precision of the timing is 10 milli-seconds. If the code will execute
fast on this timescale, it can be executed many times to get reasonable
timing accuracy.
Parameters
----------
code_str : str
The code to be timed.
times : int, optional
The number of times the code is executed. Default is 1. The code is
only compiled once.
label : str, optional
A label to identify `code_str` with. This is passed into ``compile``
as the second argument (for run-time error messages).
Returns
-------
elapsed : float
Total elapsed time in seconds for executing `code_str` `times` times.
Examples
--------
>>> etime = np.testing.measure('for i in range(1000): np.sqrt(i**2)',
... times=times)
>>> print "Time for a single execution : ", etime / times, "s"
Time for a single execution : 0.005 s
"""
frame = sys._getframe(1)
locs,globs = frame.f_locals,frame.f_globals
code = compile(code_str,
'Test name: %s ' % label,
'exec')
i = 0
elapsed = jiffies()
while i < times:
i += 1
exec code in globs,locs
elapsed = jiffies() - elapsed
return 0.01*elapsed
def _assert_valid_refcount(op):
"""
Check that ufuncs don't mishandle refcount of object `1`.
Used in a few regression tests.
"""
import numpy as np
a = np.arange(100 * 100)
b = np.arange(100*100).reshape(100, 100)
c = b
i = 1
rc = sys.getrefcount(i)
for j in range(15):
d = op(b,c)
assert(sys.getrefcount(i) >= rc)
def assert_array_almost_equal_nulp(x, y, nulp=1):
"""
Compare two arrays relatively to their spacing.
This is a relatively robust method to compare two arrays whose amplitude
is variable.
Parameters
----------
x, y : array_like
Input arrays.
nulp : int, optional
The maximum number of unit in the last place for tolerance (see Notes).
Default is 1.
Returns
-------
None
Raises
------
AssertionError
If the spacing between `x` and `y` for one or more elements is larger
than `nulp`.
See Also
--------
assert_array_max_ulp : Check that all items of arrays differ in at most
N Units in the Last Place.
spacing : Return the distance between x and the nearest adjacent number.
Notes
-----
An assertion is raised if the following condition is not met::
abs(x - y) <= nulps * spacing(max(abs(x), abs(y)))
Examples
--------
>>> x = np.array([1., 1e-10, 1e-20])
>>> eps = np.finfo(x.dtype).eps
>>> np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal_nulp(x, x*eps/2 + x)
>>> np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal_nulp(x, x*eps + x)
------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
AssertionError: X and Y are not equal to 1 ULP (max is 2)
"""
import numpy as np
ax = np.abs(x)
ay = np.abs(y)
ref = nulp * np.spacing(np.where(ax > ay, ax, ay))
if not np.all(np.abs(x-y) <= ref):
if np.iscomplexobj(x) or np.iscomplexobj(y):
msg = "X and Y are not equal to %d ULP" % nulp
else:
max_nulp = np.max(nulp_diff(x, y))
msg = "X and Y are not equal to %d ULP (max is %g)" % (nulp, max_nulp)
raise AssertionError(msg)
def assert_array_max_ulp(a, b, maxulp=1, dtype=None):
"""
Check that all items of arrays differ in at most N Units in the Last Place.
Parameters
----------
a, b : array_like
Input arrays to be compared.
maxulp : int, optional
The maximum number of units in the last place that elements of `a` and
`b` can differ. Default is 1.
dtype : dtype, optional
Data-type to convert `a` and `b` to if given. Default is None.
Returns
-------
ret : ndarray
Array containing number of representable floating point numbers between
items in `a` and `b`.
Raises
------
AssertionError
If one or more elements differ by more than `maxulp`.
See Also
--------
assert_array_almost_equal_nulp : Compare two arrays relatively to their
spacing.
Examples
--------
>>> a = np.linspace(0., 1., 100)
>>> res = np.testing.assert_array_max_ulp(a, np.arcsin(np.sin(a)))
"""
import numpy as np
ret = nulp_diff(a, b, dtype)
if not np.all(ret <= maxulp):
raise AssertionError("Arrays are not almost equal up to %g ULP" % \
maxulp)
return ret
def nulp_diff(x, y, dtype=None):
"""For each item in x and y, eeturn the number of representable floating
points between them.
Parameters
----------
x : array_like
first input array
y : array_like
second input array
Returns
-------
nulp: array_like
number of representable floating point numbers between each item in x
and y.
Examples
--------
# By definition, epsilon is the smallest number such as 1 + eps != 1, so
# there should be exactly one ULP between 1 and 1 + eps
>>> nulp_diff(1, 1 + np.finfo(x.dtype).eps)
1.0
"""
import numpy as np
if dtype:
x = np.array(x, dtype=dtype)
y = np.array(y, dtype=dtype)
else:
x = np.array(x)
y = np.array(y)
t = np.common_type(x, y)
if np.iscomplexobj(x) or np.iscomplexobj(y):
raise NotImplementedError("_nulp not implemented for complex array")
x = np.array(x, dtype=t)
y = np.array(y, dtype=t)
if not x.shape == y.shape:
raise ValueError("x and y do not have the same shape: %s - %s" % \
(x.shape, y.shape))
def _diff(rx, ry, vdt):
diff = np.array(rx-ry, dtype=vdt)
return np.abs(diff)
rx = integer_repr(x)
ry = integer_repr(y)
return _diff(rx, ry, t)
def _integer_repr(x, vdt, comp):
# Reinterpret binary representation of the float as sign-magnitude:
# take into account two-complement representation
# See also
# http://www.cygnus-software.com/papers/comparingfloats/comparingfloats.htm
rx = x.view(vdt)
if not (rx.size == 1):
rx[rx < 0] = comp - rx[rx<0]
else:
if rx < 0:
rx = comp - rx
return rx
def integer_repr(x):
"""Return the signed-magnitude interpretation of the binary representation of
x."""
import numpy as np
if x.dtype == np.float32:
return _integer_repr(x, np.int32, np.int32(-2**31))
elif x.dtype == np.float64:
return _integer_repr(x, np.int64, np.int64(-2**63))
else:
raise ValueError("Unsupported dtype %s" % x.dtype)
# The following two classes are copied from python 2.6 warnings module (context
# manager)
class WarningMessage(object):
"""
Holds the result of a single showwarning() call.
Notes
-----
`WarningMessage` is copied from the Python 2.6 warnings module,
so it can be used in NumPy with older Python versions.
"""
_WARNING_DETAILS = ("message", "category", "filename", "lineno", "file",
"line")
def __init__(self, message, category, filename, lineno, file=None,
line=None):
local_values = locals()
for attr in self._WARNING_DETAILS:
setattr(self, attr, local_values[attr])
if category:
self._category_name = category.__name__
else:
self._category_name = None
def __str__(self):
return ("{message : %r, category : %r, filename : %r, lineno : %s, "
"line : %r}" % (self.message, self._category_name,
self.filename, self.lineno, self.line))
class WarningManager:
"""
A context manager that copies and restores the warnings filter upon
exiting the context.
The 'record' argument specifies whether warnings should be captured by a
custom implementation of ``warnings.showwarning()`` and be appended to a
list returned by the context manager. Otherwise None is returned by the
context manager. The objects appended to the list are arguments whose
attributes mirror the arguments to ``showwarning()``.
The 'module' argument is to specify an alternative module to the module
named 'warnings' and imported under that name. This argument is only useful
when testing the warnings module itself.
Notes
-----
`WarningManager` is a copy of the ``catch_warnings`` context manager
from the Python 2.6 warnings module, with slight modifications.
It is copied so it can be used in NumPy with older Python versions.
"""
def __init__(self, record=False, module=None):
self._record = record
if module is None:
self._module = sys.modules['warnings']
else:
self._module = module
self._entered = False
def __enter__(self):
if self._entered:
raise RuntimeError("Cannot enter %r twice" % self)
self._entered = True
self._filters = self._module.filters
self._module.filters = self._filters[:]
self._showwarning = self._module.showwarning
if self._record:
log = []
def showwarning(*args, **kwargs):
log.append(WarningMessage(*args, **kwargs))
self._module.showwarning = showwarning
return log
else:
return None
def __exit__(self):
if not self._entered:
raise RuntimeError("Cannot exit %r without entering first" % self)
self._module.filters = self._filters
self._module.showwarning = self._showwarning
def assert_warns(warning_class, func, *args, **kw):
"""
Fail unless the given callable throws the specified warning.
A warning of class warning_class should be thrown by the callable when
invoked with arguments args and keyword arguments kwargs.
If a different type of warning is thrown, it will not be caught, and the
test case will be deemed to have suffered an error.
Parameters
----------
warning_class : class
The class defining the warning that `func` is expected to throw.
func : callable
The callable to test.
\\*args : Arguments
Arguments passed to `func`.
\\*\\*kwargs : Kwargs
Keyword arguments passed to `func`.
Returns
-------
None
"""
# XXX: once we may depend on python >= 2.6, this can be replaced by the
# warnings module context manager.
ctx = WarningManager(record=True)
l = ctx.__enter__()
warnings.simplefilter('always')
try:
func(*args, **kw)
if not len(l) > 0:
raise AssertionError("No warning raised when calling %s"
% func.__name__)
if not l[0].category is warning_class:
raise AssertionError("First warning for %s is not a " \
"%s( is %s)" % (func.__name__, warning_class, l[0]))
finally:
ctx.__exit__()
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