# oracle/base.py
# Copyright (C) 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Michael Bayer mike_mp@zzzcomputing.com
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Support for the Oracle database.
Oracle version 8 through current (11g at the time of this writing) are supported.
For information on connecting via specific drivers, see the documentation
for that driver.
Connect Arguments
-----------------
The dialect supports several :func:`~sqlalchemy.create_engine()` arguments which
affect the behavior of the dialect regardless of driver in use.
* *use_ansi* - Use ANSI JOIN constructs (see the section on Oracle 8). Defaults
to ``True``. If ``False``, Oracle-8 compatible constructs are used for joins.
* *optimize_limits* - defaults to ``False``. see the section on LIMIT/OFFSET.
Auto Increment Behavior
-----------------------
SQLAlchemy Table objects which include integer primary keys are usually assumed to have
"autoincrementing" behavior, meaning they can generate their own primary key values upon
INSERT. Since Oracle has no "autoincrement" feature, SQLAlchemy relies upon sequences
to produce these values. With the Oracle dialect, *a sequence must always be explicitly
specified to enable autoincrement*. This is divergent with the majority of documentation
examples which assume the usage of an autoincrement-capable database. To specify sequences,
use the sqlalchemy.schema.Sequence object which is passed to a Column construct::
t = Table('mytable', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, Sequence('id_seq'), primary_key=True),
Column(...), ...
)
This step is also required when using table reflection, i.e. autoload=True::
t = Table('mytable', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, Sequence('id_seq'), primary_key=True),
autoload=True
)
Identifier Casing
-----------------
In Oracle, the data dictionary represents all case insensitive identifier names
using UPPERCASE text. SQLAlchemy on the other hand considers an all-lower case identifier
name to be case insensitive. The Oracle dialect converts all case insensitive identifiers
to and from those two formats during schema level communication, such as reflection of
tables and indexes. Using an UPPERCASE name on the SQLAlchemy side indicates a
case sensitive identifier, and SQLAlchemy will quote the name - this will cause mismatches
against data dictionary data received from Oracle, so unless identifier names have been
truly created as case sensitive (i.e. using quoted names), all lowercase names should be
used on the SQLAlchemy side.
Unicode
-------
SQLAlchemy 0.6 uses the "native unicode" mode provided as of cx_oracle 5. cx_oracle 5.0.2
or greater is recommended for support of NCLOB. If not using cx_oracle 5, the NLS_LANG
environment variable needs to be set in order for the oracle client library to use
proper encoding, such as "AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8".
Also note that Oracle supports unicode data through the NVARCHAR and NCLOB data types.
When using the SQLAlchemy Unicode and UnicodeText types, these DDL types will be used
within CREATE TABLE statements. Usage of VARCHAR2 and CLOB with unicode text still
requires NLS_LANG to be set.
LIMIT/OFFSET Support
--------------------
Oracle has no support for the LIMIT or OFFSET keywords. Whereas previous versions of SQLAlchemy
used the "ROW NUMBER OVER..." construct to simulate LIMIT/OFFSET, SQLAlchemy 0.5 now uses
a wrapped subquery approach in conjunction with ROWNUM. The exact methodology is taken from
http://www.oracle.com/technology/oramag/oracle/06-sep/o56asktom.html . Note that the
"FIRST ROWS()" optimization keyword mentioned is not used by default, as the user community felt
this was stepping into the bounds of optimization that is better left on the DBA side, but this
prefix can be added by enabling the optimize_limits=True flag on create_engine().
ON UPDATE CASCADE
-----------------
Oracle doesn't have native ON UPDATE CASCADE functionality. A trigger based solution
is available at http://asktom.oracle.com/tkyte/update_cascade/index.html .
When using the SQLAlchemy ORM, the ORM has limited ability to manually issue
cascading updates - specify ForeignKey objects using the
"deferrable=True, initially='deferred'" keyword arguments,
and specify "passive_updates=False" on each relationship().
Oracle 8 Compatibility
----------------------
When using Oracle 8, a "use_ansi=False" flag is available which converts all
JOIN phrases into the WHERE clause, and in the case of LEFT OUTER JOIN
makes use of Oracle's (+) operator.
Synonym/DBLINK Reflection
-------------------------
When using reflection with Table objects, the dialect can optionally search for tables
indicated by synonyms that reference DBLINK-ed tables by passing the flag
oracle_resolve_synonyms=True as a keyword argument to the Table construct. If DBLINK
is not in use this flag should be left off.
"""
import random, re
from sqlalchemy import schema
from sqlalchemy import util,sql,log
from sqlalchemy.engine import default,base,reflection
from sqlalchemy.sql import compiler,visitors,expression
from sqlalchemy.sql import operators
from sqlalchemy import types
from sqlalchemy.types import VARCHAR,NVARCHAR,CHAR,DATE,DATETIME,\
BLOB, CLOB, TIMESTAMP, FLOAT
RESERVED_WORDS = set('SHARE RAW DROP BETWEEN FROM DESC OPTION PRIOR LONG THEN '
'DEFAULT ALTER IS INTO MINUS INTEGER NUMBER GRANT IDENTIFIED '
'ALL TO ORDER ON FLOAT DATE HAVING CLUSTER NOWAIT RESOURCE ANY '
'TABLE INDEX FOR UPDATE WHERE CHECK SMALLINT WITH DELETE BY ASC '
'REVOKE LIKE SIZE RENAME NOCOMPRESS NULL GROUP VALUES AS IN VIEW '
'EXCLUSIVE COMPRESS SYNONYM SELECT INSERT EXISTS NOT TRIGGER '
'ELSE CREATE INTERSECT PCTFREE DISTINCT USER CONNECT SET MODE '
'OF UNIQUE VARCHAR2 VARCHAR LOCK OR CHAR DECIMAL UNION PUBLIC '
'AND START UID COMMENT'.split())
class RAW(sqltypes.LargeBinary):
pass
OracleRaw = RAW
class NCLOB(sqltypes.Text):
__visit_name__ = 'NCLOB'
VARCHAR2 = VARCHAR
NVARCHAR2 = NVARCHAR
class NUMBER(sqltypes.Numeric, sqltypes.Integer):
__visit_name__ = 'NUMBER'
def __init__(self, precision=None, scale=None, asdecimal=None):
if asdecimal is None:
asdecimal = bool(scale and scale > 0)
super(NUMBER, self).__init__(precision=precision, scale=scale, asdecimal=asdecimal)
@property
def _type_affinity(self):
if bool(self.scale and self.scale > 0):
return sqltypes.Numeric
else:
return sqltypes.Integer
class DOUBLE_PRECISION(sqltypes.Numeric):
__visit_name__ = 'DOUBLE_PRECISION'
def __init__(self, precision=None, scale=None, asdecimal=None):
if asdecimal is None:
asdecimal = False
super(DOUBLE_PRECISION, self).__init__(precision=precision, scale=scale, asdecimal=asdecimal)
class BFILE(sqltypes.LargeBinary):
__visit_name__ = 'BFILE'
class LONG(sqltypes.Text):
__visit_name__ = 'LONG'
class INTERVAL(sqltypes.TypeEngine):
__visit_name__ = 'INTERVAL'
def __init__(self,
day_precision=None,
second_precision=None):
"""Construct an INTERVAL.
Note that only DAY TO SECOND intervals are currently supported.
This is due to a lack of support for YEAR TO MONTH intervals
within available DBAPIs (cx_oracle and zxjdbc).
:param day_precision: the day precision value. this is the number of digits
to store for the day field. Defaults to "2"
:param second_precision: the second precision value. this is the number of digits
to store for the fractional seconds field. Defaults to "6".
"""
self.day_precision = day_precision
self.second_precision = second_precision
@classmethod
def _adapt_from_generic_interval(cls, interval):
return INTERVAL(day_precision=interval.day_precision,
second_precision=interval.second_precision)
def adapt(self, impltype):
return impltype(day_precision=self.day_precision,
second_precision=self.second_precision)
@property
def _type_affinity(self):
return sqltypes.Interval
class _OracleBoolean(sqltypes.Boolean):
def get_dbapi_type(self, dbapi):
return dbapi.NUMBER
colspecs = {
sqltypes.Boolean : _OracleBoolean,
sqltypes.Interval : INTERVAL,
}
ischema_names = {
'VARCHAR2' : VARCHAR,
'NVARCHAR2' : NVARCHAR,
'CHAR' : CHAR,
'DATE' : DATE,
'NUMBER' : NUMBER,
'BLOB' : BLOB,
'BFILE' : BFILE,
'CLOB' : CLOB,
'NCLOB' : NCLOB,
'TIMESTAMP' : TIMESTAMP,
'TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE' : TIMESTAMP,
'INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND' : INTERVAL,
'RAW' : RAW,
'FLOAT' : FLOAT,
'DOUBLE PRECISION' : DOUBLE_PRECISION,
'LONG' : LONG,
}
class OracleTypeCompiler(compiler.GenericTypeCompiler):
# Note:
# Oracle DATE == DATETIME
# Oracle does not allow milliseconds in DATE
# Oracle does not support TIME columns
def visit_datetime(self, type_):
return self.visit_DATE(type_)
def visit_float(self, type_):
return self.visit_FLOAT(type_)
def visit_unicode(self, type_):
return self.visit_NVARCHAR(type_)
def visit_INTERVAL(self, type_):
return "INTERVAL DAY%s TO SECOND%s" % (
type_.day_precision is not None and
"(%d)" % type_.day_precision or
"",
type_.second_precision is not None and
"(%d)" % type_.second_precision or
"",
)
def visit_TIMESTAMP(self, type_):
if type_.timezone:
return "TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE"
else:
return "TIMESTAMP"
def visit_DOUBLE_PRECISION(self, type_):
return self._generate_numeric(type_, "DOUBLE PRECISION")
def visit_NUMBER(self, type_, **kw):
return self._generate_numeric(type_, "NUMBER", **kw)
def _generate_numeric(self, type_, name, precision=None, scale=None):
if precision is None:
precision = type_.precision
if scale is None:
scale = getattr(type_, 'scale', None)
if precision is None:
return name
elif scale is None:
return "%(name)s(%(precision)s)" % {'name':name,'precision': precision}
else:
return "%(name)s(%(precision)s, %(scale)s)" % {'name':name,'precision': precision, 'scale' : scale}
def visit_VARCHAR(self, type_):
if self.dialect.supports_char_length:
return "VARCHAR(%(length)s CHAR)" % {'length' : type_.length}
else:
return "VARCHAR(%(length)s)" % {'length' : type_.length}
def visit_NVARCHAR(self, type_):
return "NVARCHAR2(%(length)s)" % {'length' : type_.length}
def visit_text(self, type_):
return self.visit_CLOB(type_)
def visit_unicode_text(self, type_):
return self.visit_NCLOB(type_)
def visit_large_binary(self, type_):
return self.visit_BLOB(type_)
def visit_big_integer(self, type_):
return self.visit_NUMBER(type_, precision=19)
def visit_boolean(self, type_):
return self.visit_SMALLINT(type_)
def visit_RAW(self, type_):
return "RAW(%(length)s)" % {'length' : type_.length}
class OracleCompiler(compiler.SQLCompiler):
"""Oracle compiler modifies the lexical structure of Select
statements to work under non-ANSI configured Oracle databases, if
the use_ansi flag is False.
"""
compound_keywords = util.update_copy(
compiler.SQLCompiler.compound_keywords,
{
expression.CompoundSelect.EXCEPT : 'MINUS'
}
)
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(OracleCompiler, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.__wheres = {}
self._quoted_bind_names = {}
def visit_mod(self, binary, **kw):
return "mod(%s, %s)" % (self.process(binary.left), self.process(binary.right))
def visit_now_func(self, fn, **kw):
return "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP"
def visit_char_length_func(self, fn, **kw):
return "LENGTH" + self.function_argspec(fn, **kw)
def visit_match_op(self, binary, **kw):
return "CONTAINS (%s, %s)" % (self.process(binary.left), self.process(binary.right))
def get_select_hint_text(self, byfroms):
return " ".join(
"/*+ %s */" % text for table, text in byfroms.items()
)
def function_argspec(self, fn, **kw):
if len(fn.clauses) > 0:
return compiler.SQLCompiler.function_argspec(self, fn, **kw)
else:
return ""
def default_from(self):
"""Called when a ``SELECT`` statement has no froms, and no ``FROM`` clause is to be appended.
The Oracle compiler tacks a "FROM DUAL" to the statement.
"""
return " FROM DUAL"
def visit_join(self, join, **kwargs):
if self.dialect.use_ansi:
return compiler.SQLCompiler.visit_join(self, join, **kwargs)
else:
kwargs['asfrom'] = True
return self.process(join.left, **kwargs) + \
", " + self.process(join.right, **kwargs)
def _get_nonansi_join_whereclause(self, froms):
clauses = []
def visit_join(join):
if join.isouter:
def visit_binary(binary):
if binary.operator == sql_operators.eq:
if binary.left.table is join.right:
binary.left = _OuterJoinColumn(binary.left)
elif binary.right.table is join.right:
binary.right = _OuterJoinColumn(binary.right)
clauses.append(visitors.cloned_traverse(join.onclause, {}, {'binary':visit_binary}))
else:
clauses.append(join.onclause)
for j in join.left, join.right:
if isinstance(j, expression.Join):
visit_join(j)
for f in froms:
if isinstance(f, expression.Join):
visit_join(f)
return sql.and_(*clauses)
def visit_outer_join_column(self, vc):
return self.process(vc.column) + "(+)"
def visit_sequence(self, seq):
return self.dialect.identifier_preparer.format_sequence(seq) + ".nextval"
def visit_alias(self, alias, asfrom=False, ashint=False, **kwargs):
"""Oracle doesn't like ``FROM table AS alias``. Is the AS standard SQL??"""
if asfrom or ashint:
alias_name = isinstance(alias.name, expression._generated_label) and \
self._truncated_identifier("alias", alias.name) or alias.name
if ashint:
return alias_name
elif asfrom:
return self.process(alias.original, asfrom=asfrom, **kwargs) + \
" " + self.preparer.format_alias(alias, alias_name)
else:
return self.process(alias.original, **kwargs)
def returning_clause(self, stmt, returning_cols):
def create_out_param(col, i):
bindparam = sql.outparam("ret_%d" % i, type_=col.type)
self.binds[bindparam.key] = bindparam
return self.bindparam_string(self._truncate_bindparam(bindparam))
columnlist = list(expression._select_iterables(returning_cols))
# within_columns_clause =False so that labels (foo AS bar) don't render
columns = [self.process(c, within_columns_clause=False, result_map=self.result_map) for c in columnlist]
binds = [create_out_param(c, i) for i, c in enumerate(columnlist)]
return 'RETURNING ' + ', '.join(columns) + " INTO " + ", ".join(binds)
def _TODO_visit_compound_select(self, select):
"""Need to determine how to get ``LIMIT``/``OFFSET`` into a ``UNION`` for Oracle."""
pass
def visit_select(self, select, **kwargs):
"""Look for ``LIMIT`` and OFFSET in a select statement, and if
so tries to wrap it in a subquery with ``rownum`` criterion.
"""
if not getattr(select, '_oracle_visit', None):
if not self.dialect.use_ansi:
if self.stack and 'from' in self.stack[-1]:
existingfroms = self.stack[-1]['from']
else:
existingfroms = None
froms = select._get_display_froms(existingfroms)
whereclause = self._get_nonansi_join_whereclause(froms)
if whereclause is not None:
select = select.where(whereclause)
select._oracle_visit = True
if select._limit is not None or select._offset is not None:
# See http://www.oracle.com/technology/oramag/oracle/06-sep/o56asktom.html
#
# Generalized form of an Oracle pagination query:
# select ... from (
# select /*+ FIRST_ROWS(N) */ ...., rownum as ora_rn from (
# select distinct ... where ... order by ...
# ) where ROWNUM <= :limit+:offset
# ) where ora_rn > :offset
# Outer select and "ROWNUM as ora_rn" can be dropped if limit=0
# TODO: use annotations instead of clone + attr set ?
select = select._generate()
select._oracle_visit = True
# Wrap the middle select and add the hint
limitselect = sql.select([c for c in select.c])
if select._limit and self.dialect.optimize_limits:
limitselect = limitselect.prefix_with("/*+ FIRST_ROWS(%d) */" % select._limit)
limitselect._oracle_visit = True
limitselect._is_wrapper = True
# If needed, add the limiting clause
if select._limit is not None:
max_row = select._limit
if select._offset is not None:
max_row += select._offset
limitselect.append_whereclause(
sql.literal_column("ROWNUM")<=max_row)
# If needed, add the ora_rn, and wrap again with offset.
if select._offset is None:
select = limitselect
else:
limitselect = limitselect.column(
sql.literal_column("ROWNUM").label("ora_rn"))
limitselect._oracle_visit = True
limitselect._is_wrapper = True
offsetselect = sql.select(
[c for c in limitselect.c if c.key!='ora_rn'])
offsetselect._oracle_visit = True
offsetselect._is_wrapper = True
offsetselect.append_whereclause(
sql.literal_column("ora_rn")>select._offset)
select = offsetselect
kwargs['iswrapper'] = getattr(select, '_is_wrapper', False)
return compiler.SQLCompiler.visit_select(self, select, **kwargs)
def limit_clause(self, select):
return ""
def for_update_clause(self, select):
if select.for_update == "nowait":
return " FOR UPDATE NOWAIT"
else:
return super(OracleCompiler, self).for_update_clause(select)
class OracleDDLCompiler(compiler.DDLCompiler):
def define_constraint_cascades(self, constraint):
text = ""
if constraint.ondelete is not None:
text += " ON DELETE %s" % constraint.ondelete
# oracle has no ON UPDATE CASCADE -
# its only available via triggers http://asktom.oracle.com/tkyte/update_cascade/index.html
if constraint.onupdate is not None:
util.warn(
"Oracle does not contain native UPDATE CASCADE "
"functionality - onupdates will not be rendered for foreign keys. "
"Consider using deferrable=True, initially='deferred' or triggers.")
return text
class OracleIdentifierPreparer(compiler.IdentifierPreparer):
reserved_words = set([x.lower() for x in RESERVED_WORDS])
illegal_initial_characters = set(xrange(0, 10)).union(["_", "$"])
def _bindparam_requires_quotes(self, value):
"""Return True if the given identifier requires quoting."""
lc_value = value.lower()
return (lc_value in self.reserved_words
or value[0] in self.illegal_initial_characters
or not self.legal_characters.match(unicode(value))
)
def format_savepoint(self, savepoint):
name = re.sub(r'^_+', '', savepoint.ident)
return super(OracleIdentifierPreparer, self).format_savepoint(savepoint, name)
class OracleExecutionContext(default.DefaultExecutionContext):
def fire_sequence(self, seq):
return self._execute_scalar("SELECT " +
self.dialect.identifier_preparer.format_sequence(seq) +
".nextval FROM DUAL")
class OracleDialect(default.DefaultDialect):
name = 'oracle'
supports_alter = True
supports_unicode_statements = False
supports_unicode_binds = False
max_identifier_length = 30
supports_sane_rowcount = True
supports_sane_multi_rowcount = False
supports_sequences = True
sequences_optional = False
postfetch_lastrowid = False
default_paramstyle = 'named'
colspecs = colspecs
ischema_names = ischema_names
requires_name_normalize = True
supports_default_values = False
supports_empty_insert = False
statement_compiler = OracleCompiler
ddl_compiler = OracleDDLCompiler
type_compiler = OracleTypeCompiler
preparer = OracleIdentifierPreparer
execution_ctx_cls = OracleExecutionContext
reflection_options = ('oracle_resolve_synonyms', )
supports_char_length = True
def __init__(self,
use_ansi=True,
optimize_limits=False,
**kwargs):
default.DefaultDialect.__init__(self, **kwargs)
self.use_ansi = use_ansi
self.optimize_limits = optimize_limits
def initialize(self, connection):
super(OracleDialect, self).initialize(connection)
self.implicit_returning = self.server_version_info > (10, ) and \
self.__dict__.get('implicit_returning', True)
self.supports_char_length = self.server_version_info >= (9, )
if self.server_version_info < (9,):
self.colspecs = self.colspecs.copy()
self.colspecs.pop(sqltypes.Interval)
def do_release_savepoint(self, connection, name):
# Oracle does not support RELEASE SAVEPOINT
pass
def has_table(self, connection, table_name, schema=None):
if not schema:
schema = self.default_schema_name
cursor = connection.execute(
sql.text("SELECT table_name FROM all_tables "
"WHERE table_name = :name AND owner = :schema_name"),
name=self.denormalize_name(table_name), schema_name=self.denormalize_name(schema))
return cursor.first() is not None
def has_sequence(self, connection, sequence_name, schema=None):
if not schema:
schema = self.default_schema_name
cursor = connection.execute(
sql.text("SELECT sequence_name FROM all_sequences "
"WHERE sequence_name = :name AND sequence_owner = :schema_name"),
name=self.denormalize_name(sequence_name), schema_name=self.denormalize_name(schema))
return cursor.first() is not None
def normalize_name(self, name):
if name is None:
return None
# Py2K
if isinstance(name, str):
name = name.decode(self.encoding)
# end Py2K
if name.upper() == name and \
not self.identifier_preparer._requires_quotes(name.lower()):
return name.lower()
else:
return name
def denormalize_name(self, name):
if name is None:
return None
elif name.lower() == name and not self.identifier_preparer._requires_quotes(name.lower()):
name = name.upper()
# Py2K
if not self.supports_unicode_binds:
name = name.encode(self.encoding)
else:
name = unicode(name)
# end Py2K
return name
def _get_default_schema_name(self, connection):
return self.normalize_name(connection.execute(u'SELECT USER FROM DUAL').scalar())
def _resolve_synonym(self, connection, desired_owner=None, desired_synonym=None, desired_table=None):
"""search for a local synonym matching the given desired owner/name.
if desired_owner is None, attempts to locate a distinct owner.
returns the actual name, owner, dblink name, and synonym name if found.
"""
q = "SELECT owner, table_owner, table_name, db_link, synonym_name FROM all_synonyms WHERE "
clauses = []
params = {}
if desired_synonym:
clauses.append("synonym_name = :synonym_name")
params['synonym_name'] = desired_synonym
if desired_owner:
clauses.append("table_owner = :desired_owner")
params['desired_owner'] = desired_owner
if desired_table:
clauses.append("table_name = :tname")
params['tname'] = desired_table
q += " AND ".join(clauses)
result = connection.execute(sql.text(q), **params)
if desired_owner:
row = result.first()
if row:
return row['table_name'], row['table_owner'], row['db_link'], row['synonym_name']
else:
return None, None, None, None
else:
rows = result.fetchall()
if len(rows) > 1:
raise AssertionError("There are multiple tables visible to the schema, you must specify owner")
elif len(rows) == 1:
row = rows[0]
return row['table_name'], row['table_owner'], row['db_link'], row['synonym_name']
else:
return None, None, None, None
@reflection.cache
def _prepare_reflection_args(self, connection, table_name, schema=None,
resolve_synonyms=False, dblink='', **kw):
if resolve_synonyms:
actual_name, owner, dblink, synonym = self._resolve_synonym(
connection,
desired_owner=self.denormalize_name(schema),
desired_synonym=self.denormalize_name(table_name)
)
else:
actual_name, owner, dblink, synonym = None, None, None, None
if not actual_name:
actual_name = self.denormalize_name(table_name)
if not dblink:
dblink = ''
if not owner:
owner = self.denormalize_name(schema or self.default_schema_name)
return (actual_name, owner, dblink, synonym)
@reflection.cache
def get_schema_names(self, connection, **kw):
s = "SELECT username FROM all_users ORDER BY username"
cursor = connection.execute(s,)
return [self.normalize_name(row[0]) for row in cursor]
@reflection.cache
def get_table_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw):
schema = self.denormalize_name(schema or self.default_schema_name)
# note that table_names() isnt loading DBLINKed or synonym'ed tables
if schema is None:
schema = self.default_schema_name
s = sql.text(
"SELECT table_name FROM all_tables "
"WHERE nvl(tablespace_name, 'no tablespace') NOT IN ('SYSTEM', 'SYSAUX') "
"AND OWNER = :owner "
"AND IOT_NAME IS NULL")
cursor = connection.execute(s, owner=schema)
return [self.normalize_name(row[0]) for row in cursor]
@reflection.cache
def get_view_names(self, connection, schema=None, **kw):
schema = self.denormalize_name(schema or self.default_schema_name)
s = sql.text("SELECT view_name FROM all_views WHERE owner = :owner")
cursor = connection.execute(s, owner=self.denormalize_name(schema))
return [self.normalize_name(row[0]) for row in cursor]
@reflection.cache
def get_columns(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""
kw arguments can be:
oracle_resolve_synonyms
dblink
"""
resolve_synonyms = kw.get('oracle_resolve_synonyms', False)
dblink = kw.get('dblink', '')
info_cache = kw.get('info_cache')
(table_name, schema, dblink, synonym) = \
self._prepare_reflection_args(connection, table_name, schema,
resolve_synonyms, dblink,
info_cache=info_cache)
columns = []
if self.supports_char_length:
char_length_col = 'char_length'
else:
char_length_col = 'data_length'
c = connection.execute(sql.text(
"SELECT column_name, data_type, %(char_length_col)s, data_precision, data_scale, "
"nullable, data_default FROM ALL_TAB_COLUMNS%(dblink)s "
"WHERE table_name = :table_name AND owner = :owner "
"ORDER BY column_id" % {'dblink': dblink, 'char_length_col':char_length_col}),
table_name=table_name, owner=schema)
for row in c:
(colname, orig_colname, coltype, length, precision, scale, nullable, default) = \
(self.normalize_name(row[0]), row[0], row[1], row[2], row[3], row[4], row[5]=='Y', row[6])
if coltype == 'NUMBER' :
coltype = NUMBER(precision, scale)
elif coltype in ('VARCHAR2', 'NVARCHAR2', 'CHAR'):
coltype = self.ischema_names.get(coltype)(length)
elif 'WITH TIME ZONE' in coltype:
coltype = TIMESTAMP(timezone=True)
else:
coltype = re.sub(r'\(\d+\)', '', coltype)
try:
coltype = self.ischema_names[coltype]
except KeyError:
util.warn("Did not recognize type '%s' of column '%s'" %
(coltype, colname))
coltype = sqltypes.NULLTYPE
cdict = {
'name': colname,
'type': coltype,
'nullable': nullable,
'default': default,
}
if orig_colname.lower() == orig_colname:
cdict['quote'] = True
columns.append(cdict)
return columns
@reflection.cache
def get_indexes(self, connection, table_name, schema=None,
resolve_synonyms=False, dblink='', **kw):
info_cache = kw.get('info_cache')
(table_name, schema, dblink, synonym) = \
self._prepare_reflection_args(connection, table_name, schema,
resolve_synonyms, dblink,
info_cache=info_cache)
indexes = []
q = sql.text("""
SELECT a.index_name, a.column_name, b.uniqueness
FROM ALL_IND_COLUMNS%(dblink)s a,
ALL_INDEXES%(dblink)s b
WHERE
a.index_name = b.index_name
AND a.table_owner = b.table_owner
AND a.table_name = b.table_name
AND a.table_name = :table_name
AND a.table_owner = :schema
ORDER BY a.index_name, a.column_position""" % {'dblink': dblink})
rp = connection.execute(q, table_name=self.denormalize_name(table_name),
schema=self.denormalize_name(schema))
indexes = []
last_index_name = None
pkeys = self.get_primary_keys(connection, table_name, schema,
resolve_synonyms=resolve_synonyms,
dblink=dblink,
info_cache=kw.get('info_cache'))
uniqueness = dict(NONUNIQUE=False, UNIQUE=True)
oracle_sys_col = re.compile(r'SYS_NC\d+\$', re.IGNORECASE)
for rset in rp:
# don't include the primary key columns
if rset.column_name in [s.upper() for s in pkeys]:
continue
if rset.index_name != last_index_name:
index = dict(name=self.normalize_name(rset.index_name), column_names=[])
indexes.append(index)
index['unique'] = uniqueness.get(rset.uniqueness, False)
# filter out Oracle SYS_NC names. could also do an outer join
# to the all_tab_columns table and check for real col names there.
if not oracle_sys_col.match(rset.column_name):
index['column_names'].append(self.normalize_name(rset.column_name))
last_index_name = rset.index_name
return indexes
@reflection.cache
def _get_constraint_data(self, connection, table_name, schema=None,
dblink='', **kw):
rp = connection.execute(
sql.text("""SELECT
ac.constraint_name,
ac.constraint_type,
loc.column_name AS local_column,
rem.table_name AS remote_table,
rem.column_name AS remote_column,
rem.owner AS remote_owner,
loc.position as loc_pos,
rem.position as rem_pos
FROM all_constraints%(dblink)s ac,
all_cons_columns%(dblink)s loc,
all_cons_columns%(dblink)s rem
WHERE ac.table_name = :table_name
AND ac.constraint_type IN ('R','P')
AND ac.owner = :owner
AND ac.owner = loc.owner
AND ac.constraint_name = loc.constraint_name
AND ac.r_owner = rem.owner(+)
AND ac.r_constraint_name = rem.constraint_name(+)
AND (rem.position IS NULL or loc.position=rem.position)
ORDER BY ac.constraint_name, loc.position""" % {'dblink': dblink}),
table_name=table_name, owner=schema)
constraint_data = rp.fetchall()
return constraint_data
@reflection.cache
def get_primary_keys(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""
kw arguments can be:
oracle_resolve_synonyms
dblink
"""
resolve_synonyms = kw.get('oracle_resolve_synonyms', False)
dblink = kw.get('dblink', '')
info_cache = kw.get('info_cache')
(table_name, schema, dblink, synonym) = \
self._prepare_reflection_args(connection, table_name, schema,
resolve_synonyms, dblink,
info_cache=info_cache)
pkeys = []
constraint_data = self._get_constraint_data(connection, table_name,
schema, dblink,
info_cache=kw.get('info_cache'))
for row in constraint_data:
#print "ROW:" , row
(cons_name, cons_type, local_column, remote_table, remote_column, remote_owner) = \
row[0:2] + tuple([self.normalize_name(x) for x in row[2:6]])
if cons_type == 'P':
pkeys.append(local_column)
return pkeys
@reflection.cache
def get_foreign_keys(self, connection, table_name, schema=None, **kw):
"""
kw arguments can be:
oracle_resolve_synonyms
dblink
"""
requested_schema = schema # to check later on
resolve_synonyms = kw.get('oracle_resolve_synonyms', False)
dblink = kw.get('dblink', '')
info_cache = kw.get('info_cache')
(table_name, schema, dblink, synonym) = \
self._prepare_reflection_args(connection, table_name, schema,
resolve_synonyms, dblink,
info_cache=info_cache)
constraint_data = self._get_constraint_data(connection, table_name,
schema, dblink,
info_cache=kw.get('info_cache'))
def fkey_rec():
return {
'name' : None,
'constrained_columns' : [],
'referred_schema' : None,
'referred_table' : None,
'referred_columns' : []
}
fkeys = util.defaultdict(fkey_rec)
for row in constraint_data:
(cons_name, cons_type, local_column, remote_table, remote_column, remote_owner) = \
row[0:2] + tuple([self.normalize_name(x) for x in row[2:6]])
if cons_type == 'R':
if remote_table is None:
# ticket 363
util.warn(
("Got 'None' querying 'table_name' from "
"all_cons_columns%(dblink)s - does the user have "
"proper rights to the table?") % {'dblink':dblink})
continue
rec = fkeys[cons_name]
rec['name'] = cons_name
local_cols, remote_cols = rec['constrained_columns'], rec['referred_columns']
if not rec['referred_table']:
if resolve_synonyms:
ref_remote_name, ref_remote_owner, ref_dblink, ref_synonym = \
self._resolve_synonym(
connection,
desired_owner=self.denormalize_name(remote_owner),
desired_table=self.denormalize_name(remote_table)
)
if ref_synonym:
remote_table = self.normalize_name(ref_synonym)
remote_owner = self.normalize_name(ref_remote_owner)
rec['referred_table'] = remote_table
if requested_schema is not None or self.denormalize_name(remote_owner) != schema:
rec['referred_schema'] = remote_owner
local_cols.append(local_column)
remote_cols.append(remote_column)
return fkeys.values()
@reflection.cache
def get_view_definition(self, connection, view_name, schema=None,
resolve_synonyms=False, dblink='', **kw):
info_cache = kw.get('info_cache')
(view_name, schema, dblink, synonym) = \
self._prepare_reflection_args(connection, view_name, schema,
resolve_synonyms, dblink,
info_cache=info_cache)
s = sql.text("""
SELECT text FROM all_views
WHERE owner = :schema
AND view_name = :view_name
""")
rp = connection.execute(s,
view_name=view_name, schema=schema).scalar()
if rp:
return rp.decode(self.encoding)
else:
return None
class _OuterJoinColumn(sql.ClauseElement):
__visit_name__ = 'outer_join_column'
def __init__(self, column):
self.column = column
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