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/*
* Copyright (c) 2000 David Flanagan. All rights reserved.
* This code is from the book Java Examples in a Nutshell, 2nd Edition.
* It is provided AS-IS, WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY either expressed or implied.
* You may study, use, and modify it for any non-commercial purpose.
* You may distribute it non-commercially as long as you retain this notice.
* For a commercial use license, or to purchase the book (recommended),
* visit http://www.davidflanagan.com/javaexamples2.
*/
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.math.BigInteger;
/**
* This program displays factorials as the user enters values interactively
*/
public class FactQuoter {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// This is how we set things up to read lines of text from the user.
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
// Loop forever
for (;;) {
// Display a prompt to the user
System.out.print("FactQuoter> ");
// Read a line from the user
String line = in.readLine();
// If we reach the end-of-file,
// or if the user types "quit", then quit
if ((line == null) || line.equals("quit"))
break;
// Try to parse the line, and compute and print the factorial
try {
int x = Integer.parseInt(line);
System.out.println(x + "! = " + Factorial4.factorial(x));
}
// If anything goes wrong, display a generic error message
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Invalid Input");
}
}
}
}
/**
* This version of the program uses arbitrary precision integers, so it does not
* have an upper-bound on the values it can compute. It uses an ArrayList object
* to cache computed values instead of a fixed-size array. An ArrayList is like
* an array, but can grow to any size. The factorial() method is declared
* "synchronized" so that it can be safely used in multi-threaded programs. Look
* up java.math.BigInteger and java.util.ArrayList while studying this class.
* Prior to Java 1.2, use Vector instead of ArrayList
*/
class Factorial4 {
protected static ArrayList table = new ArrayList(); // create cache
static { // Initialize the first element of the cache with !0 = 1.
table.add(BigInteger.valueOf(1));
}
/** The factorial() method, using BigIntegers cached in a ArrayList */
public static synchronized BigInteger factorial(int x) {
if (x < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("x must be non-negative.");
for (int size = table.size(); size <= x; size++) {
BigInteger lastfact = (BigInteger) table.get(size - 1);
BigInteger nextfact = lastfact.multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(size));
table.add(nextfact);
}
return (BigInteger) table.get(x);
}
/**
* A simple main() method that we can use as a standalone test program for
* our factorial() method.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int i = 0; i <= 50; i++)
System.out.println(i + "! = " + factorial(i));
}
}
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